{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T14:19:13Z","timestamp":1788013153485,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,14]],"date-time":"2017-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Histopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XGC<\/jats:styled-content>), an unusual histological variant of chronic cholecystitis, is characterised by mixed foamy histiocytic and lymphoplasmocytic infiltration and fibrosis. Radiologically, the poorly defined nodular growth pattern often leads to the misinterpretation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XGC<\/jats:styled-content> as gallbladder cancer. In this study, we aimed to identify the relationship of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XGC<\/jats:styled-content> with IgG4\u2010related cholecystitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We re\u2010evaluated 57 surgically resected <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XGC<\/jats:styled-content>s and 104 conventional chronic cholecystitis cases, according to the histological features observed in IgG4\u2010related disease, including lymphoplasmocytic infiltration, storiform fibrosis, obliterative phlebitis, and IgG4\u2010positive plasma cells. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XGC<\/jats:styled-content>s contained a significantly increased mean number of IgG4\u2010positive plasma cells [34.8\/high\u2010power field (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPF<\/jats:styled-content>)] as compared with conventional chronic cholecystitis (4.8\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPF<\/jats:styled-content>;<jats:italic> P\u00a0&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.001), and 16 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XGC<\/jats:styled-content>s (28%) harboured &gt;50 IgG4\u2010positive cells per <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPF<\/jats:styled-content>. Nine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XGC<\/jats:styled-content>s (16%), including one case with IgG4\u2010related autoimmune pancreatitis, showed \u2018the histological features suggestive of IgG4\u2010related disease\u2019, as described in the consensus statement regarding this condition. Extracholecystic inflammatory extension (seven cases, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.009) and mass\u2010forming lesions (eight cases, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) were more frequently seen in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XGC<\/jats:styled-content> cases with histological features suggestive of IgG4\u2010related disease than in cases without those microscopic changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XGC<\/jats:styled-content>s with IgG4\u2010positive cell infiltration are considered to be mimickers, as xanthogranulomatous inflammation generally contradicts a diagnosis of IgG4\u2010related disease and is weakly associated with other typical organ manifestations of IgG4\u2010related disease. However, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XGC<\/jats:styled-content> may be a concurrent condition, particularly in patients with IgG4\u2010related disease in other organs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]],"date-time":"2017-10-11T07:52:43Z","timestamp":1507708363000},"page":"569-579","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis shows overlapping histological features with IgG4\u2010related cholecystitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Soon Auck","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital Cheonan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You\u2010Na","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyoung Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Soo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Asan Medical Centre University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Republic of 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