{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T16:14:13Z","timestamp":1790352853272,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,13]],"date-time":"2018-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Histopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Programmed death\u2010ligand 1 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1), a potential target for immune checkpoint inhibitors in various solid neoplasms, has been studied in very few cases of Gall Bladder Carcinoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBC<\/jats:styled-content>). The current study aimed to evaluate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 expression at primary and metastatic sites of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBC<\/jats:styled-content>, and its associations with standard prognostic clinicopathological parameters, as well as with overall survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and seventy\u2010four cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBC<\/jats:styled-content> were evaluated for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 expression by the use of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SP<\/jats:styled-content>263 clone in tissue microarrays. Clinicopathological characteristics and survival data were correlated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 expression analysed at different cut\u2010offs of \u22651%, \u226510% and \u226550% in tumour cells and tumour\u2010infiltrating lymphocytes (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIL<\/jats:styled-content>s). The mean age of patients was 49.9 years, and the male\/female ratio was 1:2.9. Of the cases, 73.6% presented with stage 3\/4 disease. Tumour cells expressed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 in 23.0% of cases, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIL<\/jats:styled-content>s expressed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 in 24.1% of cases. At a cut\u2010off of 10%, 14.9% of cases expressed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1, and at a cut\u2010off of 50%, 7.5% of cases expressed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1. Significant associations were seen between tumour proportion score and histological type (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.004), histological grade (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.004), nuclear grade (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.008), nodal metastasis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.051), higher stage (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.058), and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIL<\/jats:styled-content>s (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Tumour size, growth pattern, the presence of necrosis and lymphovascular emboli showed no significant associations with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 in tumour cells or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIL<\/jats:styled-content>s. In synchronous paired samples from primary and metastatic lymph nodes, discordantly higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 expression was evident in lymph nodes. Overall survival was not associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 expression (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.546).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 does not appear to be a prognostic marker or influence survival in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBC<\/jats:styled-content> patients. However, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 expression occurs in one of four <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBC<\/jats:styled-content>s, supporting the future possibility of immune\u2010modulation therapy to improve the dismal overall survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,8]],"date-time":"2018-06-08T14:01:17Z","timestamp":1528466477000},"page":"622-633","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Clinical relevance of <scp>PD<\/scp>\u2010L1 expression in gallbladder cancer: a potential target for therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Azfar","family":"Neyaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences Lucknow 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