{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T17:59:50Z","timestamp":1787853590905,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,5]],"date-time":"2018-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Histopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A wide spectrum of well\u2010differentiated neuroendocrine proliferations (NEPs) are observed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ranging from neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) to microscopic neuroendocrine cell clusters, best described as neuroendocrine cell micronests (NCMs). Finding NCMs in surveillance biopsies of IBD patients often poses a diagnostic conundrum. While such lesions may have been referred to as \u2018microcarcinoids\u2019 in the literature, it is unclear whether these represent early neoplasms. The study was undertaken to characterise NCMs and to differentiate NCMs from NETs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Institutional surgical pathology archives were searched to identify cases of NEPs in IBD patients. Clinicopathological features were examined. NCMs were defined as scattered, indistinct neuroendocrine cell clusters without confluent growth or new stroma formation, located in the lamina propria and muscularis mucosae. NETs were defined as discrete, mass\u2010forming lesions. Seventeen NEPs were identified, including eight NCMs and nine NETs. All NEPs were incidentally discovered. While NETs were commonly found in the rectum and appendix, NCMs were only noted in the rectosigmoid area. Unlike NETs, NCMs could not be measured as a discrete lesion as these clusters were non\u2010confluent and scattered. None of the patients with NCMs developed NETs after a mean follow\u2010up of 4.1\u00a0years (range\u00a0=\u00a00.5\u201321.0\u00a0years). None of the NETs showed NCMs in the background mucosa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCMs have distinct pathological features, are not associated with NETs in IBD patients and should not be misinterpreted as \u2018microcarcinoids\u2019. Identification of NCMs in surveillance biopsies may not require further clinical work\u2010up or invasive procedures usually performed for NETs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,10]],"date-time":"2018-10-10T15:24:21Z","timestamp":1539185061000},"page":"415-423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Neuroendocrine proliferations in inflammatory bowel disease: differentiating neuroendocrine tumours from neuroendocrine cell micronests"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Mary","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent K","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepti","family":"Dhall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdt377"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-003-1368-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-198606000-00018","article-title":"The coexistence of carcinoid tumor and Crohn's disease","volume":"8","author":"Brown GA","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-5-157"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(99)80025-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21774"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.39.8.913"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(90)71038-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Regional enteritis, thymoma, and multiple carcinoids: an unusual association","volume":"65","author":"Feldman C","year":"1980","journal-title":"Int. Surg."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2003\/625368"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLE.0b013e31816fef06"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1986.tb02501.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"682","article-title":"Carcinoid tumor and inflammatory bowel disease: a study of eleven cases and review of the literature","volume":"92","author":"Greenstein AJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"487","article-title":"Solitary microcarcinoid in ulcerative colitis","volume":"21","author":"Haidar A","year":"1992","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.55.644.430"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"376","article-title":"Crohn's disease and carcinoid tumor of the appendix in a child","volume":"32","author":"Janin Y","year":"1981","journal-title":"Z. Kinderchir."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"1120","article-title":"The coexistence of Crohn's disease and a nongastrointestinal carcinoid tumor","volume":"88","author":"Levy PJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2017.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930490213"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"233","article-title":"Coexistence of primary Crohn's disease and carcinoid tumor isolated to the appendix. A case report","volume":"152","author":"Kosakowski C","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Chir. Scand."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528609034627"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0344-0338(11)80445-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.56.12.963"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008988215904"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/98.1.112"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19821215)50:12<2920::AID-CNCR2820501235>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000089558"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/76.3.333"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","first-page":"447","article-title":"A case of malignant carcinoid arising in chronic ulcerative colitis","volume":"81","author":"Provera P","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pathologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-003-0057-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10190-012-0265-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199001000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02053192"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","first-page":"537","article-title":"Neuroendocrine neoplasms arising in inflammatory bowel disease: a report of 14 cases","volume":"11","author":"Sigel JE","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","first-page":"993","article-title":"Carcinoid tumors of the rectum derived from Erspamer's pre\u2010enterochrome cells","volume":"18","author":"Stout AP","year":"1942","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","first-page":"1635","article-title":"Association of carcinoid tumor of the appendix and Crohn disease (case report and review of the literature)","volume":"140","author":"Szab\u00f3 GG","year":"1999","journal-title":"Orv. Hetil."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.1975.tb03424.x","article-title":"Carcinoid tumour and Crohn's disease","volume":"29","author":"Tehrani MA","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930240414"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","first-page":"1620","article-title":"Crohn's disease revealed by a vesico\u2010intestinal fistula and associated with a carcinoid tumour of the small intestine","volume":"45","author":"Vilotte J","year":"1969","journal-title":"Sem. Hop."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20172"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)33769-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000199786"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2013.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","first-page":"511","article-title":"The histopathological approach to inflammatory bowel disease: a practice guide","volume":"464","author":"Langner C","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-013-9264-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3182819f0f"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31829ab1ef"}],"container-title":["Histopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fhis.13769","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/his.13769","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T15:27:23Z","timestamp":1694705243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/his.13769"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,5]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/his.13769"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/his.13769","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0309-0167","1365-2559"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0309-0167","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2559","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-08-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-10-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-12-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}