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Using public data of normal human tissues, we found that mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> and protein levels of mucin 5B (MUC<\/jats:styled-content>5B) and carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA<\/jats:styled-content>9) were highly increased in gallbladder tissues. In addition, previous evidence has shown that claudin 18 (CLDN<\/jats:styled-content>18) protein expression is higher in GBC<\/jats:styled-content>. The aim of this study was to perform an analysis of these cell surface proteins during the histological progression of GBC<\/jats:styled-content> in order to identify their theranostic potential.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods and results<\/jats:title>MUC<\/jats:styled-content>5B expression, CA<\/jats:styled-content>9 expression and CLDN<\/jats:styled-content>18 expression were examined by immunohistochemistry in a series of 179 chronic cholecystitis (including 16 metaplastic tissues), 15 dysplasia and 217 GBC<\/jats:styled-content> samples by the use of tissue microarray analysis. A composite staining score was calculated from staining intensity and percentage of positive cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed high expression of MUC<\/jats:styled-content>5B and CA<\/jats:styled-content>9 among normal epithelium, metaplastic tissues, and dysplastic tissues. However, expression of both proteins was observed in roughly 50% of GBC<\/jats:styled-content> samples. In contrast, CLDN<\/jats:styled-content>18 was absent in normal epithelium, but its expression was higher in metaplastic cells. Among GBC<\/jats:styled-content> cases, approximately half showed high CLDN<\/jats:styled-content>18 expression. No associations were found between MUC<\/jats:styled-content>5B, CA<\/jats:styled-content>9 and CLDN<\/jats:styled-content>18 expression and any clinicopathological features.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>CLDN<\/jats:styled-content>18 is a new metaplasia marker in gallbladder tissues, and is conserved in approximately half of GBC<\/jats:styled-content> cases. MUC<\/jats:styled-content>5B and CA<\/jats:styled-content>9 are highly conserved during GBC<\/jats:styled-content> histological progression. The three markers are potential theranostic markers, in particular CA<\/jats:styled-content>9 and CLDN<\/jats:styled-content>18, for which there are already targeted therapies available.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,19]],"date-time":"2018-12-19T14:29:08Z","timestamp":1545229748000},"page":"597-607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Mucin 5B, carbonic anhydrase 9 and claudin 18 are potential theranostic markers of gallbladder carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0731-2715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime A","family":"Espinoza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SciLifeLab Division of Genome Biology Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet, Solna Stockholm 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(CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN) Universidad de la Frontera Temuco Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Benavente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Procesos Diagn\u00f3sticos y Evaluaci\u00f3n Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Temuco Temuco Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis 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