{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T03:17:12Z","timestamp":1787800632489,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]],"date-time":"2019-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010753","name":"National Health Laboratory Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant004_94215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant004_94215"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010753","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Histopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) occurs mainly in immunocompromised individuals, usually secondary to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. It classically occurs intraorally, but has been described in extraoral locations. The aim of this study was to define the immunophenotype and Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV) status in a large single\u2010centre cohort of extraoral PBL (EPBL) in South Africa, a high\u2010prevalence HIV setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective study of 45 EPBLs included patients' age, gender, race, HIV status, and site. Cases were reviewed histologically, and classified morphologically as pure plasmablastic or plasmablastic with plasmacytic differentiation, and assessed immunohistochemically with antibodies against CD45, CD20, CD79a, PAX5, CD138, MUM1\/IRF4, BLIMP1, VS38c, Ki67, bcl\u20106, CD10, cyclin D1, and human herpesvirus\u20108, by the use of standard automated procedures. EBV was assessed by the use of chromogenic <jats:italic>in\u2010situ<\/jats:italic> hybridisation. Tumours were assessed with a fluorescence <jats:italic>in\u2010situ<\/jats:italic> hybridisation (FISH) <jats:italic>MYC<\/jats:italic> break\u2010apart probe. Twenty\u2010seven PBLs showed pure plasmablastic morphology, and 18 showed plasmacytic differentiation. The male\/female ratio was 1.5:1. The anus was the favoured extraoral site (31.1%), followed by lymph nodes (15.6%). All 29 patients with known HIV status were HIV\u2010positive. The immunohistochemical profile recapitulated that reported for oral PBLs and EPBLs in HIV\u2010positive and HIV\u2010negative patients. EBV was positive in 92.5% of PBLs. FISH analysis showed <jats:italic>MYC<\/jats:italic> rearrangement in 48% of cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study showed a strong association of EPBLs with HIV and EBV infection, similarly to the previously described oral PBL. The strong EBV association together with other clinicopathological parameters and an immunohistochemical profile that includes CD45, CD20, MUM1\/IRF4, CD138 and Ki67 may be used in distinguishing PBL from diffuse large B\u2010cell lymphoma and plasma cell myeloma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]],"date-time":"2019-07-30T18:54:37Z","timestamp":1564512877000},"page":"212-221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Extraoral plasmablastic lymphomas in a high human immunodeficiency virus endemic area"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6330-1009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shabnum","family":"Meer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Perner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Pathology National Health Laboratory Service Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9215-428X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewen D","family":"McAlpine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Pathology National Health Laboratory Service Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascale","family":"Willem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Molecular Medicine Somatic Cell Genetics Unit National Health Laboratory Service Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw684"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"321","volume-title":"World Health Organization classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues","author":"Campo E","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-017-0802-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2017.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2008.01493.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.21520"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2010.72"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqw218"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2016-204294"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPENJ68FFBRIYB"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2016.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/27H8XJH31F3GUNAT"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Available at:www.unaids.org\/en(Accessed 24 April 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"Statistics: Worldwide; Statistics: United States.AmfAR making AIDS history. Available at:https:\/\/www.amfar.org\/about-hiv-and-aids\/facts-and-stats\/statistics-united-states\/(accessed 22 April 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcl115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/jct.2015.66057"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2017.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000173023.02724.1f"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2011.06.506"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23391"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005981"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-10-567479"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2012.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPJH6KEUSECQLU"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2009.00874.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-015-0163-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000234"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2015.3808"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V89.4.1413"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2008.00673.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1066896914531815"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2016.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e318185d231"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-016-2082-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2016-0521-RA"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.49.3164"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21250"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdp064"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","first-page":"241","volume-title":"World Health Organization classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues","author":"McKenna RW","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-5851-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3800355"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/BLCTT.S142814"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","first-page":"291","volume-title":"World Health Organization classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues","author":"Gascoyne RD","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-015-0315-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2017.177"}],"container-title":["Histopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fhis.13964","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/his.13964","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/his.13964","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/his.13964","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T03:13:05Z","timestamp":1694142785000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/his.13964"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/his.13964"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/his.13964","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0309-0167","1365-2559"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0309-0167","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2559","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-02-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-07-29","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-10-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}