{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T04:28:18Z","timestamp":1792297698977,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,5]],"date-time":"2020-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Histopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102), has rapidly evolved into a sweeping pandemic. Its major manifestation is in the respiratory tract, and the general extent of organ involvement and the microscopic changes in the lungs remain insufficiently characterised. Autopsies are essential to elucidate COVID\u201019\u2010associated organ alterations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This article reports the autopsy findings of 21 COVID\u201019 patients hospitalised at the University Hospital Basel and at the Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Switzerland. An\n                      <jats:italic>in\u2010corpore<\/jats:italic>\n                      technique was performed to ensure optimal staff safety. The primary cause of death was respiratory failure with exudative diffuse alveolar damage and massive capillary congestion, often accompanied by microthrombi despite anticoagulation. Ten cases showed superimposed bronchopneumonia. Further findings included pulmonary embolism (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a04), alveolar haemorrhage (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a03), and vasculitis (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01). Pathologies in other organ systems were predominantly attributable to shock; three patients showed signs of generalised and five of pulmonary thrombotic microangiopathy. Six patients were diagnosed with senile cardiac amyloidosis upon autopsy. Most patients suffered from one or more comorbidities (hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes mellitus). Additionally, there was an overall predominance of males and individuals with blood group A (81% and 65%, respectively). All relevant histological slides are linked as open\u2010source scans in supplementary files.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides an overview of postmortem findings in COVID\u201019 cases, implying that hypertensive, elderly, obese, male individuals with severe cardiovascular comorbidities as well as those with blood group A may have a lower threshold of tolerance for COVID\u201019. This provides a pathophysiological explanation for higher mortality rates among these patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T07:46:12Z","timestamp":1588578372000},"page":"198-209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1036,"title":["Postmortem examination of COVID\u201019 patients reveals diffuse alveolar damage with severe capillary congestion and variegated findings in lungs and other organs suggesting vascular dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0847-6156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Menter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology University Hospital Basel University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmin D","family":"Haslbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology University Hospital Basel University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronny","family":"Nienhold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology Cantonal Hospital Baselland Liestal Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spasenija","family":"Savic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology University Hospital Basel University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helmut","family":"Hopfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology University Hospital Basel University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaus","family":"Deigendesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology University Hospital Basel University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology University Hospital Basel University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Turek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology Cantonal Hospital Baselland Liestal Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Willi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology Cantonal Hospital Baselland Liestal Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Pargger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit University Hospital Basel University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Bassetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine University Hospital Basel University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joerg D","family":"Leuppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Department of Medicine Cantonal Hospital Baselland Liestal Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gieri","family":"Cathomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology Cantonal Hospital Baselland Liestal Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Tolnay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology University Hospital Basel University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten D","family":"Mertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology Cantonal Hospital Baselland Liestal Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1100-3819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandar","family":"Tzankov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology University Hospital Basel University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"234","article-title":"Medical reviews. Coronaviruses","volume":"47","author":"Monto AS","year":"1974","journal-title":"Yale J. Biol. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1985.02140110082036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030747"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1211721"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"COVID\u201019 Situation update worldwide.European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Available at:https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/geographical\u2010distribution\u20102019\u2010ncov\u2010cases(accessed 23 April 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101623"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2020.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30076-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101665"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqaa062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pathological study of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID\u201019) through postmortem core biopsies","volume":"14","author":"Tian S","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"30070","article-title":"Complement associated microvascular injury and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of severe COVID\u201019 infection: a report of five cases","volume":"1931","author":"Magro C","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1440"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050828"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(03)00367-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3800247"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2007.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v12020244"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13379"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2020-206522"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000447304"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","article-title":"Histologic features of hematopoietic stem cell transplant\u2010associated thrombotic microangiopathy are best percepted in deep skin biopsies and renal biopsies, while showing a significant overlap with changes related to severe acute graft\u2010versus\u2010host disease in gastrointestinal biopsies","author":"Ehmann MA","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAI.0000000000000751"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","unstructured":"Blood group distribution in Switzerland.Swiss transfusion SRC. Available at:https:\/\/www.blutspende.ch\/de\/wissen\u2010ueber\u2010blut\/blutgruppen(accessed 23 April 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"e35","article-title":"Prevalence of underlying diseases in hospitalized patients with COVID\u201019: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"8","author":"Emami A","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Acad. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2147"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1002.030913"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2196-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30937-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.04.003"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","first-page":"30369","article-title":"Collapsing glomerulopathy in a COVID\u201019 patient","volume":"0085","author":"Kissling S","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14768"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13506129.2012.685131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2004.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","article-title":"Relationship between the ABO blood group and the COVID\u201019 susceptibility (pre\u2010print, not peer\u2010reviewed)","author":"Zhao J","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2006.00975.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH06-09-0549"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH04-04-0251"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH14-05-0457"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwn093"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-05985-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa235"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.317134"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2020.102452"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01753-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047419"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","unstructured":"Eculizumab (Soliris) in Covid\u201019 infected patients (SOLID\u2010C19). ClinicalTrials.gov. Available at:https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04288713(accessed 23 April 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2018.1.539"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","first-page":"30357","article-title":"Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID\u201019 and other coronaviruses","volume":"0889","author":"Wu Y","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00524-2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-020-01626-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.016"}],"container-title":["Histopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fhis.14134","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/his.14134","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/his.14134","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/his.14134","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T05:47:52Z","timestamp":1693806472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/his.14134"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,5]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/his.14134"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/his.14134","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.737874004.793575073","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0309-0167","1365-2559"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0309-0167","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2559","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-04-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-04-29","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}