{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T07:06:31Z","timestamp":1783407991040,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Histopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lentigo maligna (LM), the most common type of melanoma <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>, is a diagnostically challenging lesion for pathologists due to abundant background melanocytic hyperplasia in sun\u2010damaged skin. Currently, no laboratory methods reliably distinguish benign from malignant melanocytes. However, preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) has shown promise in this regard, and could potentially be applied to diagnosis and margin assessment in difficult cases of LM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ninety\u2010six cases with a diagnosis of LM (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a077) or no residual LM (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a019) following initial biopsy were identified and stained with an antibody directed towards PRAME. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was scored as positive or negative, and measurement of histological margins by PRAME was performed and compared to the measurement of histological margins using conventional methods [haematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) and\/or sex\u2010determining region Y\u2010box 10 (SOX10) and\/or Melan\u2010A]. Of cases with LM, 93.5% (72 of 77) were PRAME<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and 94.7% (18 of 19) of cases with no residual LM were PRAME<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup>. Of the 35\u00a0cases with no margin involvement by PRAME or conventional assessment, 14\u00a0cases (40.0%) had no difference in measurement, 17\u00a0(48.6%) had a difference of 1\u00a0mm or less and four (11.4%) differed by between 1 and 3.5\u00a0mm. There was a high correlation between margin assessment methods (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.97, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>PRAME IHC is a sensitive (93.5%) and specific (94.7%) method for diagnosing LM on biopsy and excision, and measurement of histological margins by PRAME shows a high correlation with conventional methods for margin assessment. Furthermore, the nuclear expression of PRAME makes it a good target for use in dual\u2010colour IHC stains.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,6]],"date-time":"2020-12-06T08:38:11Z","timestamp":1607243891000},"page":"1000-1008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["PRAME immunohistochemistry as an adjunct for diagnosis and histological margin assessment in lentigo maligna"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7574-9011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah E","family":"Gradecki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Valdes\u2010Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Dermatology and Pathology University of Arkansas Little Rock AR USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark R","family":"Wick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro A","family":"Gru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80426-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1998.00982.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-03-0813"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2016.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"4090","article-title":"Heterogeneous expression of the tumor\u2010associated antigens RAGE\u20101, PRAME, and glycoprotein 75 in human renal cell carcinoma: candidates for T\u2010cell\u2010 based immunotherapies?","volume":"58","author":"Neumann E","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2013.244"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2016.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001134"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000001607"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001393"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.13876"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40487-015-0012-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12581580"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.405"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000000272"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200102000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181658c14"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"882","volume-title":"Weedon\u2019s skin pathology","author":"Patterson JW","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","article-title":"Pitfalls in the diagnosis of lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma, facts and an opinion","volume":"74","author":"Sina N","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.03.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-199612000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2014-0075-RA"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0b013e31819d3769"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0b013e3182099476"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2011.01756.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001492"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501564102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12475"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30385"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-16-0958"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.84"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-018-0087-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","first-page":"367","article-title":"NCCN Guidelines version 1.2020, Cutaneous Melanoma","volume":"17","author":"Fleming MD","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Natl Cancer Netw."}],"container-title":["Histopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/his.14312","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/his.14312","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/his.14312","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T13:47:32Z","timestamp":1693576052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/his.14312"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/his.14312"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/his.14312","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0309-0167","1365-2559"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0309-0167","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2559","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-11-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-04-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}