{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T23:08:34Z","timestamp":1788390514552,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Histopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>We utilised chromogenic and fluorescence\u00a0<jats:italic>in\u2010situ<\/jats:italic>\u00a0hybridisation (CISH and FISH) to evaluate <jats:italic>MYC<\/jats:italic>\u00a0gene copy numbers and rearrangements within HIV\u2010associated plasmablastic lymphomas (PBLs). Thereafter, clinicopathological features were explored retrospectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010seven (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a067) patients were included and the HIV seropositive status was confirmed in 98% (63 of 64) with a median viral load of 55 587 (IQR 273 582) copies\/ml and median CD4 count of 170 (IQR 249) cells\/\u00b5l. The mean age was 41 \u00b1 10.1 years and females comprised 54%. PBL was documented predominantly at extra\u2010oronasal topographic regions. Starry\u2010sky (SS) appearance was evident in 33% in association with monomorphic morphology (<jats:italic>P\u2010<\/jats:italic>value 0.02). c\u2010MYC protein was expressed in 81% and latent EBV infection was detected in 90%. EBER ISH\u2010positive status and <jats:italic>MYC<\/jats:italic> rearrangement occurred in 67% of HIV PBL. <jats:italic>MYC<\/jats:italic> aberrations included <jats:italic>MYC<\/jats:italic> rearrangement (70%), low\u2010level increase in <jats:italic>MYC<\/jats:italic>\u00a0gene copy numbers (43%), concurrent <jats:italic>MYC<\/jats:italic> rearrangement and increased <jats:italic>MYC<\/jats:italic> gene copy numbers (49%) as well as low\u2010level chromosome 8 polysomy (6%). <jats:italic>MYC<\/jats:italic> aberrations in HIV PBLs were significantly associated with SS appearance (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u20100.01), monomorphic morphology (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2010 0.03), c\u2010MYC protein expression \u226540% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2010 0.03) and mortality (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2010 0.03). There was advanced stage (Ann Arbor III\/IV) at presentation (77%) and the median overall survival for HIV PBL was 75\u00a0days (95% CI 14\u2013136).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Majority of the HIV\u2010associated PBL tumours harbour <jats:italic>MYC<\/jats:italic> aberrations. Due to the persistently inferior survival outcome of HIV\u2010associated PBL in the era of antiviral treatment, targeted and\/or intensified therapy of oncogenic <jats:italic>MYC<\/jats:italic> may need to be explored in future.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,16]],"date-time":"2021-01-16T00:39:36Z","timestamp":1610757576000},"page":"86-95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["<i>MYC<\/i> status in HIV\u2010associated plasmablastic lymphoma: dual\u2010colour CISH, FISH and immunohistochemistry"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1368-0028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sugeshnee","family":"Pather","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomical Pathology Faculty of Health Sciences National Health Laboratory Service Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital 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of the Witwatersrand Soweto Gauteng South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Perner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Division of Anatomical Pathology National Health Laboratory Service University of the Witwatersrand Soweto Gauteng South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mantoa","family":"Motaung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomical Pathology Faculty of Health Sciences National Health Laboratory Service Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital University of the Witwatersrand Soweto Gauteng South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Nagiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology and Molecular Medicine Somatic Cell Genetics Unit Faculty of Health Sciences National Health Laboratory Service University of the Witwatersrand Soweto 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