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The diagnostic distinction of these entities appears increasingly relevant as our understanding of EBV\u2013host interactions and mechanisms of EBV\u2010driven lymphomagenesis improves. EBV may lower the mutational threshold for malignant transformation, create potential vulnerabilities related to viral alteration of cell metabolism and allow for improved immune targeting. However, these tumours may escape immune surveillance by affecting their immune microenvironment, limiting viral gene expression or potential loss of the viral episome. Methods to manipulate the latency state of the virus to enhance immunogenicity are emerging as well as the potential to detect so\u2010called \u2018hit and run\u2019 cases where EBV has been lost. Finally, measurement of EBV DNA remains an important biomarker for screening and monitoring of LPD. Methods to distinguish EBV DNA derived from virions during lytic activation from latent, methylated EBV DNA present in EBV\u2010associated neoplasms may broaden the utility of this testing, particularly in patients with compromised immune function. We highlight some of these emerging areas relevant to the diagnosis and treatment of EBV\u2010associated LPD with potential applicability to other EBV\u2010associated neoplasms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]],"date-time":"2021-04-08T06:20:19Z","timestamp":1617862819000},"page":"451-464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The role of EBV in haematolymphoid proliferations: emerging concepts relevant to diagnosis and treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Emad","family":"Ababneh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Robert J. 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