{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T18:32:59Z","timestamp":1789237979774,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Histopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine the clinicopathological and genetic characteristics of axillary signet\u2010ring cell\/histiocytoid carcinoma (SRCHC) and the relationship between axillary SRCHC, eyelid SRCHC, and conventional apocrine carcinoma (AC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eleven cases of axillary SRCHC, four cases of eyelid SRCHC, eight cases of axillary AC and five cases of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) were retrieved. Additionally, 14 axillary and 43 eyelid SRCHC cases from the literature were reviewed. Male predominance was prominent for axillary SRCHC (24:1) and eyelid SRCHC (42:5). Axillary SRCHC formed a circumscribed plaque or nodule, unlike eyelid SRCHC. Lymph node metastasis was predominantly seen in axillary SRCHC cases (72%, 18\/25), but not in eyelid SRCHC cases (19%, 9\/47). Axillary SRCHC and eyelid SRCHC were histopathologically similar and showed rare tubular formations. Immunoexpression of cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 19, mucin 1, mucin 5AC, BerEP4 and androgen receptor was seen in all tested cases of the four diseases. Oestrogen and progesterone receptors were negative in both types of SRCHC and AC, but were strongly positive in ILCs. Complete loss of E\u2010cadherin expression was seen in approximately one\u2010quarter of both types of SRCHC and in all ILCs. <jats:italic>PIK3CA<\/jats:italic> mutations were detected in all three sequenced cases (two axillary SRCHCs and one eyelid SRCHC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The histopathological, immunohistochemical and genetic findings suggest that both types of SRCHC are phenotypic variants of AC, although there are differences in sex, macroscopic findings and the frequency of lymph node metastasis among the three. In contrast, ILC differs from the other three tumour types.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T15:54:04Z","timestamp":1624377244000},"page":"926-939","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Signet\u2010ring cell\/histiocytoid carcinoma of the axilla: a clinicopathological and genetic analysis of 11 cases, review of the literature, and comparison with potentially related tumours"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4165-1809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keisuke","family":"Goto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology Osaka International Cancer Institute Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Centre Komagome Hospital Tokyo 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