{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T22:04:51Z","timestamp":1760997891911,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Histopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although tissue culture is the gold standard for diagnosing infection, histologic examination of surgically resected tissue can be a critical component in the diagnosis of tissue infection. The goal of this brief report is to alert surgical pathologists that <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> species can appear strikingly filamentous histologically and may somewhat mimic the appearance of filamentous bacteria, such <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic>, or thin fungal hyphae. A secondary aim is to raise awareness that <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> can sometimes only be identified histologically through the use of a modified silver impregnation method (Steiner stain). Five cases of filamentous <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> were encountered in three different surgical pathology subspecialities (ophthalmic pathology, cardiovascular pathology, and dermatopathology) over a 1\u2010year period. All cases were of formalin\u2010fixed, paraffin\u2010embedded tissue, stained using hematoxylin &amp; eosin (H&amp;E) and multiple histochemical stains. Four cases grew <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> in culture and, in the fifth case, a nonaeruginosa species was detected using polymerase chain reaction\u2010based methods. The markedly filamentous\u2010appearing <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> organisms were identified in five different tissue sites: vascular graft, enucleation (whole eye) specimen, scleral biopsy, soft\u2010tissue excision, and skin punch biopsy. In one of the five cases the organisms were seen on H&amp;E, and in only two of the five were the organisms seen on Brown\u2013Hopps stain. In all five cases, the organisms were identified on Steiner stain. It is therefore important to recognize that <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> can appear markedly filamentous, <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> or other bacterial infection is suspected, the surgical pathologist would be advised to employ the Steiner stain to most consistently detect the organisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T06:45:10Z","timestamp":1664520310000},"page":"359-364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pseudomonas species may appear strikingly filamentous in tissue sections: an important consideration for surgical pathologists and a reminder of the utility of modified silver impregnation methods"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Cynthia K","family":"Harris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Harvard Medical School  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bianca B","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruth K","family":"Foreman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5585-9056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna M","family":"Stagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Harvard Medical School  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2011.02469.x"},{"volume-title":"Manual of clinical microbiology","year":"2019","author":"Versalovic J","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01569520"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi035341e"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12348-018-0157-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2011.089284"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/his.1995.18.3.183"}],"container-title":["Histopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/his.14811","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/his.14811","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/his.14811","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T02:40:54Z","timestamp":1692585654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/his.14811"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/his.14811"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/his.14811","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0309-0167","1365-2559"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0309-0167"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1365-2559"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-07-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}