{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:51:43Z","timestamp":1787014303739,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82273327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273327"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82103192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82103192"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Histopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Metaplastic thymoma is a rare thymic tumour characterized by Yes Associated Protein 1 (\n                      <jats:italic>YAP1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and Mastermind Like Transcriptional Coactivator 2 (\n                      <jats:italic>MAML2<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) gene fusions resulting from an intrachromosomal inversion of chromosome 11. Immunohistochemistry with an antibody directed against the C\u2010terminus of YAP1 has shown loss of expression in\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>YAP1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010rearranged vascular neoplasms, poromas, and porocarcinomas. This study aimed to validate an\u00a0anti\u2010YAP1 C\u2010terminal antibody as an ancillary immunohistochemical marker for the diagnosis of metaplastic thymoma.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ten metaplastic thymomas were selected for the current study. Fluorescence\n                      <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                      hybridization (FISH), next\u2010generation sequencing (NGS), and reverse transcription\u2010polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010PCR) analyses were performed to detect\n                      <jats:italic>YAP1::MAML2<\/jats:italic>\n                      fusions. We then performed immunohistochemistry to detect YAP1 C\u2010terminus expression in 10 metaplastic thymomas, 50 conventional thymomas (10 each of type A thymoma, type AB thymoma, type B1 thymoma, type B2 thymoma, and type B3 thymoma) and seven thymic carcinomas.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All 10 cases showed narrow split signals with a distance of nearly two signal diameters and sometimes had false\u2010negative results in\n                      <jats:italic>YAP1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>MAML2<\/jats:italic>\n                      break\u2010apart FISH (BA\u2010FISH). Abnormal colocalized signals of the\n                      <jats:italic>YAP1::MAML2<\/jats:italic>\n                      fusion were observed in all 10 cases using fusion FISH (F\u2010FISH) assays. Eight of 10 cases with adequate nucleic acids were successfully sequenced and all showed\n                      <jats:italic>YAP1::MAML2<\/jats:italic>\n                      fusions; in two cases the fusions were detected by both DNA and RNA sequencing and in six cases by RNA sequencing only.\n                      <jats:italic>YAP1::MAML2<\/jats:italic>\n                      fusion transcripts were identified in four cases by RT\u2010PCR. Metaplastic thymoma showed loss of YAP1 C\u2010terminus expression in all 10 (100%) cases. All other thymic neoplasms showed retained YAP1 C\u2010terminus expression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      YAP1 C\u2010terminus immunohistochemistry is a highly sensitive and specific ancillary marker that distinguishes metaplastic thymoma from its mimics. BA\u2010FISH assays could not effectively detect\n                      <jats:italic>YAP1::MAML2<\/jats:italic>\n                      fusions due to the proximity of the two genes. Loss of YAP1 C\u2010terminus expression is a reliable surrogate for the detection of\n                      <jats:italic>YAP1::MAML2<\/jats:italic>\n                      fusions in metaplastic thymoma.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.15024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T04:24:13Z","timestamp":1691727853000},"page":"798-809","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Loss of\n                    <scp>YAP1<\/scp>\n                    C\u2010terminus expression as an ancillary marker for metaplastic thymoma: a potential pitfall in detecting\n                    <i>YAP1::MAML2<\/i>\n                    gene rearrangement"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Xuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei\u2010lei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University  Changzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiu\u2010yuan","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng\u2010bing","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ru\u2010song","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ru","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2674-1937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiu","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199711000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.1999.00691.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0344-0338(99)80005-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2001.42.5.571"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCP0T1JFYLMPHMI"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4132\/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.1.92"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"15375","article-title":"Metaplastic thymoma with myasthenia gravis presumably caused by an accumulation of intratumoral immature T cells: a case report","volume":"8","author":"Tajima S","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. 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