{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:51:59Z","timestamp":1787014319658,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Histopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Verruciform acanthotic vulvar intra\u2010epithelial neoplasia (vaVIN) is an HPV\u2010independent, p53 wild\u2010type lesion with distinct morphology and documented risk of recurrence and cancer progression. vaVIN is rare, and prospective distinction from non\u2010neoplastic hyperplastic lesions can be difficult. CK17, SOX2 and GATA3 immunohistochemistry has emerging value in the diagnosis of HPV\u2010independent lesions, particularly differentiated VIN. We aimed to test the combined value of these markers in the diagnosis of vaVIN versus its non\u2010neoplastic differentials in the vulva.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CK17, SOX2 and GATA3 immunohistochemistry was evaluated on 16 vaVINs and 34 mimickers (verruciform xanthoma, lichen simplex chronicus, lichen sclerosus, psoriasis, pseudo\u2010epitheliomatous hyperplasia). CK17 was scored as 3+\u2009=\u2009full\u2010thickness, 2+\u2009=\u2009partial\u2010thickness, 1+\u2009=\u2009patchy, 0\u2009=\u2009absent; SOX2 as 3+\u2009=\u2009strong staining \u2265\u200910% cells, 2+\u2009=\u2009moderate, 1\u2009+\u2009=weak, 0\u2009=\u2009staining in &lt;\u200910% cells; and GATA3 as pattern 0\u2009=\u2009loss in &lt;\u200925% basal cells, 1\u2009=\u2009loss in 25\u201375% basal cells, 2\u2009=\u2009loss in &gt;\u200975% basal cells. For analysis, results were recorded as positive (CK17\u2009=\u20093+, SOX2\u2009=\u20093+, GATA3\u2009=\u2009patterns 1\/2) or negative (CK17\u2009=\u20092+\/1+\/0, SOX2\u2009=\u20092+\/1+\/0, GATA3\u2009=\u2009pattern 0). CK17, SOX2 and GATA3 positivity was documented in 81, 75 and 58% vaVINs, respectively, versus 32, 17 and 22% of non\u2010neoplastic mimickers, respectively; \u2265\u20092 marker positivity conferred 83 sensitivity, 88 specificity and 86% accuracy in vaVIN diagnosis. Compared to vaVIN, SOX2 and GATA3 were differentially expressed in lichen sclerosus, lichen simplex chronicus and pseudo\u2010epitheliomatous hyperplasia, whereas CK17 was differentially expressed in verruciform xanthoma and adjacent normal mucosa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CK17, SOX2 and GATA3 can be useful in the diagnosis of vaVIN and its distinction from hyperplastic non\u2010neoplastic vulvar lesions. Although CK17 has higher sensitivity, SOX2 and GATA3 are more specific, and the combination of all markers shows optimal diagnostic accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.15156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T02:46:45Z","timestamp":1707965205000},"page":"1212-1223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Diagnosis of verruciform acanthotic vulvar intra\u2010epithelial neoplasia (vaVIN) using CK17, SOX2 and GATA3 immunohistochemistry"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Eleanor","family":"Cook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2026-9790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koen","family":"Van de Vijver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Ghent  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1420-7291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Parra\u2010Herran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"World Health Organization classification of tumours \u2013 female genital Tumours","author":"International Agency for Research on Cancer","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200405000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.187"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000572"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-022-01079-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2022.100053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14442"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0000000000000317"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14040324"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0000000000000838"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2020.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-018-0021-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2023.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13205"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2020.09.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14925"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14451"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-020-0573-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.15050"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-018-2436-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Evaluation of Ki67, p16 and CK17 markers in differentiating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and benign lesions","volume":"38","author":"Sari Aslani F","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran. 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