{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T23:38:04Z","timestamp":1791589084463,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005897","name":"Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise de Dermatologie et de Pathologie Sexuellement Transmissible","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Histopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Porocarcinoma is a malignant sweat gland tumour differentiated toward the upper part of the sweat duct and may arise from the transformation of a preexisting benign poroma. In 2019, Sekine <jats:italic>et\u00a0al.<\/jats:italic> demonstrated the presence of <jats:italic>YAP1::MAML2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>YAP1::NUTM1<\/jats:italic> fusions in most poromas and porocarcinomas. Recently, our group identified <jats:italic>PAK2\u2010<\/jats:italic>fusions in a subset of benign poromas. Herein we report a series of 12 porocarcinoma cases harbouring <jats:italic>PAK1\/2\/3<\/jats:italic> fusions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five patients were male and the median age was 79\u2009years (ranges: 59\u201395). Tumours were located on the trunk (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097), on the thigh (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093), neck (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091), or groin area (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091). Four patients developed distant metastases. Microscopically, seven cases harboured a benign poroma component and a malignant invasive part. Ductal formations were observed in all, while infundibular\/horn cysts and cells with vacuolated cytoplasm were detected in seven and six tumours, respectively. In three cases, the invasive component consisted of a proliferation of elongated cells, some of which formed pseudovascular spaces, whereas the others harboured a predominant solid or trabecular growth pattern. Immunohistochemical staining for CEA and EMA confirmed the presence of ducts. Focal androgen receptor expression was detected in three specimens. Whole RNA sequencing evidenced <jats:italic>LAMTOR1::PAK1<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092), <jats:italic>ZDHHC5::PAK1<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u20092), <jats:italic>DLG1::PAK2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>CTDSP1::PAK1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>CTNND1::PAK1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>SSR1::PAK3<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>CTNNA1::PAK2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>RNF13::PAK2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ROBO1::PAK2,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CD47::PAK2<\/jats:italic>. Activating mutation of <jats:italic>HRAS<\/jats:italic> (G13V, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093, G13R, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091, Q61L, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092) was present in six cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study suggests that <jats:italic>PAK1\/2\/3<\/jats:italic> fusions is the oncogenic driver of a subset of porocarcinomas lacking <jats:italic>YAP1<\/jats:italic> rearrangement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.15214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T08:30:37Z","timestamp":1716539437000},"page":"566-578","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Porocarcinomas with <i>PAK1\/2\/3<\/i> fusions: a series of 12 cases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2201-6914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thibault","family":"Kervarrec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Universit\u00e9 de Tours  Tours France"},{"name":"\u201cBiologie des infections \u00e0 polyomavirus\u201d Team, UMR INRA ISP 1282 Universit\u00e9 de Tours  Tours France"},{"name":"CARADERM Network"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danna","family":"Westphal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Tumour Diseases (NCT) Partner Site Dresden  Dresden Germany"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus  Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1118-950X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Pissaloux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biopathology Center L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard  Lyon France"},{"name":"Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard Equipe Labellis\u00e9e Ligue contre le Cancer  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0209-8606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e9lanie","family":"Legrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Universit\u00e9 de Tours  Tours France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franck","family":"Tirode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biopathology Center L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard  Lyon France"},{"name":"Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard Equipe Labellis\u00e9e Ligue contre le Cancer  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Neuhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biopathology Center L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard  Lyon France"},{"name":"Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard Equipe Labellis\u00e9e Ligue contre le Cancer  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francoise","family":"Drouot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CARADERM Network"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Cypath  Dijon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen C","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Skin Cancer Research University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Essen  Essen Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Pa German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Macagno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CARADERM Network"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Timone University Hospital  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Seris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CARADERM Network"},{"name":"Service de Dermatologie Centre hospitalier de Pau  Pau France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Jouary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CARADERM Network"},{"name":"Service de Dermatologie 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