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We explore the pathological and clinical characteristics of these infections, focusing on their involvement of lymph nodes and their pathologic diagnosis in lymph node specimens. For HIV, lymph nodes are sites of viral replication and reservoirs, and the disease demonstrates multiple patterns within lymph nodes. The recent increase in measles, due in part to declining vaccination rates, signals the need for pathologists to be able to identify the characteristic Warthin\u2013Finkeldey cells present in lymph node specimens. Syphilis, a reemerging sexually transmitted infection, often presents with lymphadenopathy and can mimic other conditions, complicating clinical diagnosis. By revisiting well\u2010established findings and presenting new insights into the histopathological changes within lymphoid tissues, this review provides essential knowledge for pathologists and clinicians to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.15408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T09:20:13Z","timestamp":1735291213000},"page":"18-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<scp>HIV<\/scp>, measles, and syphilis: histopathologic characteristics of lymphatic system involvement of three reemerging infectious diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5511-9912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron","family":"Auerbach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Joint Pathology Center  Silver Spring MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John J","family":"Schmieg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Joint Pathology Center  Silver Spring MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Klassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Joint Pathology Center  Silver Spring MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Joint Pathology Center  Silver Spring MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadine S","family":"Aguilera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia Health System  Charlottesville VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01109-24"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M24-0679"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570162X14666160324125536"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737441"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.590780"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02648725.2018.1471641"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2017.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-017-0359-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02910143"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000686"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.2186"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00805"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.19.22334"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00125480-200203000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/UUEPLF2PHYXQDJNQ"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAI.0b013e3181f89a4d"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2019.151421"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2015.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2010.03491.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2010.03513.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/sajhivmed.v20i1.936"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2017.0254"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2303.2011.00935.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2008.0265"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-221869"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e318160ed97"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462415627257"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462414545793"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-226809"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462417722479"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2015.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21137"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2017009654"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","volume-title":"Haematolymphoid tumours. 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