{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T17:41:54Z","timestamp":1778262114556,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Histopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare aggressive, human herpesvirus\u20108 (HHV8)\u2010associated neoplasm of post\u2010germinal centre B cell origin. It usually presents as a serous effusion in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2010positive patients. PEL is rarely reported in HIV\u2010negative patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>wWe report seven cases of HIV\u2010negative elderly men diagnosed with PEL in a single institution. Clinical information and laboratory characteristics were collected. All patients were men, with a mean age of 76\u2009years (range\u2009=\u200960\u201393) and presented with pleural effusions (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096), pericardial effusion (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091) and\/or ascites (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092); two patients had multiple effusions. Extracavitary tissue involvement was present in one patient, who was also a liver transplant recipient. All patients had a decreased blood lymphocyte fraction, with a zero CD4+ count in one. The tumour cells in cytology of effusions showed a moderate amount of cytoplasm, perinuclear hof (a focal area of clearing) and irregular nuclear outlines with coarse chromatin and prominent nucleoli. Immunohistochemically, PEL cells were positive for HHV8 latent nuclear antigen (7 of 7), CD45 (3 of 3), CD30 (4 of 4), MUM1\/IRF4 (2 of 2) and were negative for CD3 and CD20 in all seven cases. CD138 was positive in six of seven cases. Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV) was detected in two of seven cases by <jats:italic>in\u2010situ<\/jats:italic> hybridisation. B cell clonality by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was positive in two cases with adequate materials available. Conventional cytogenetic analysis showed complex karyotypes in three of five cases, with recurrent +8, +12 and t(4;12)(q27;q21), and one case with +7. Six of seven patients died of disease with a mean survival of 5.4\u2009months (range\u2009=\u20090.4\u201311.2\u2009months).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>PEL can arise in immunocompetent, older patients, in this series all men, and behaves aggressively. These neoplasms are similar to their HIV\u2010positive counterparts with anaplastic cytomorphology, HHV8 infection and a plasmablastic immunophenotype. The aetiology of PEL is uncertain, but may be related to physiological immunodeficiency associated with ageing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.15446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T06:05:26Z","timestamp":1742364326000},"page":"397-407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<scp>HIV<\/scp>\u2010negative primary effusion lymphoma: a series of seven cases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Chang\u2010Yao","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Chi\u2010Mei Medical Center  Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine College of Medicine, National Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bipin","family":"Thingujam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng, Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Naokon Diagnostics  Imphal Manipur India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu\u2010Hsien","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng, Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya\u2010Ping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng, Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsueh\u2010Yin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng, Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6577-8006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L Jeffrey","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematopathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9665-5236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kung\u2010Chao","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng, Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung 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