{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T02:45:02Z","timestamp":1788576302650,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":196,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R37CA286450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37CA286450"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30CA15704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA15704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50CA097186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50CA097186"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01CA163227\u201006A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01CA163227\u201006A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA234715\u201303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA234715\u201303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA266452"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA266452"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA280056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA280056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R50CA221836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R50CA221836"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PO1CA163227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PO1CA163227"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA282978"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA282978"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R37CA241486\u201001A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37CA241486\u201001A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50 CA272390\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 CA272390\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH\u201020\u20101\u20100111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH\u201020\u20101\u20100111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH\u201021\u20101\u20100229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH\u201021\u20101\u20100229"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH\u201022\u20101\u20100278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH\u201022\u20101\u20100278"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH\u201018\u20101\u20100347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH\u201018\u20101\u20100347"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH\u201018\u20101\u20100689"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH\u201018\u20101\u20100689"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH\u201017\u20101\u20100653"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH\u201017\u20101\u20100653"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH\u201021\u20101\u20100264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH\u201021\u20101\u20100264"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH\u201014\u20102\u20100183"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH\u201014\u20102\u20100183"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH\u201017\u20102\u20100043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH\u201017\u20102\u20100043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PC230420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PC230420"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PC230582"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PC230582"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000862","name":"Doris Duke Charitable Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021184"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001368","name":"V Foundation for Cancer Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001368","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000892","name":"Prostate Cancer Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000892","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100021686","name":"Safeway Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100021686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017453","name":"Institute for Prostate Cancer Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031022","name":"Center for Cancer Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031022","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Histopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) is characterized by molecular and phenotypic heterogeneity. With increasing guideline\u2010driven use of metastatic biopsies, more mPC specimens are being evaluated in surgical pathology. However, unlike localized prostate cancer, no standardized framework currently exists to guide the diagnostic workup of metastatic biopsies or reliably determine phenotypic subtypes. While many mPCs retain conventional acinar features, a growing subset exhibits phenotypic plasticity \u2013 including loss of prostate epithelial identity and emergence of neuroendocrine or other divergent lineages. This phenotypic diversity often occurs in castration\u2010resistant prostate cancer as a mechanism of resistance to chronic androgen receptor pathway inhibition and is characterized by genomic alterations and epigenetic reprogramming. This review outlines the histologic and molecular spectrum of mPC and proposes a practical, pathology\u2010informed diagnostic approach integrating morphologic assessment and immunohistochemistry. Adoption of a standardized diagnostic framework and multidisciplinary integration will be useful for employing precision oncology in advanced mPC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.70033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T13:23:30Z","timestamp":1765545810000},"page":"24-39","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Molecular subtypes of metastatic prostate cancer: from pathophysiology to diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"88","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6762-1448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeanne M","family":"Dsouza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3922-5683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erolcan","family":"Sayar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Biology Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5510-0661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael T","family":"Schweizer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Research Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2507-2399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Harmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1906-5333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colm","family":"Morrissey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3259-2226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Himisha","family":"Beltran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Dana\u2010Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5451-5726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter S","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Biology Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Research Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Urology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6049-5293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology &amp; Laboratory Medicine, Pathology &amp; Laboratory Medicine, Department of Surgery (Urology) Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School  Rhode Island USA"},{"name":"Legorreta Cancer Center Brown University and Brown University Health  Providence Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9047-0222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien\u2010Kuang Cornelia","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomic Pathology University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0809-6425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael C","family":"Haffner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Biology Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Research Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_20_2_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Cancer statistics","volume":"2025","author":"Siegel RL","year":"2025","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"e_1_2_20_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-020-00400-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.path.2021.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI186599"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2322203121"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4045"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1902651116"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00950-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21615-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI128212"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14347"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.06.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32701-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1701695"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(03)00190-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1209096"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1702900"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1405095"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_22_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A new old target: androgen receptor signaling and advanced prostate cancer","volume":"52","author":"Westaby D","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"e_1_2_20_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.0228"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2018.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abe1505"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.77.6880"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_27_1","first-page":"OF1","article-title":"Framework for the pathology workup of metastatic castration\u2010resistant prostate cancer biopsies","volume":"31","author":"Haffner MC","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_20_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-1423"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-017-0593-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a030593","article-title":"Neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer: emerging biology, models, and therapies","volume":"9","author":"Puca L","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_20_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-2442"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.path.2024.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abn0478"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-21-1037"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.54.3553"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-3309"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_39_1","article-title":"Large cell neuroendocrine prostate cancer: large is not small","volume":"29","author":"Serritella AV","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oncologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aav0891"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-020-01003-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-021-00214-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2023.0050"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-025-00854-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-23-1067"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2020.10.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-020-0340-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.148270"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a030353"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2019-0434-RA"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pcmedi\/pbab003"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1189992"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2010.188"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27322-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.11.086"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2018.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_58_1","first-page":"1996","article-title":"Tumors as caricatures of the process of tissue renewal: prospects for therapy by directing differentiation","volume":"48","author":"Pierce GB","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_20_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2017.133"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.path.2024.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2020-0015-RA"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200405000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000149969.76999.7c"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000209841.77595.4b"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000209838.92842.bf"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14214"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol29030152"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001496"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2014.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0000000000001038"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-021-00490-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(96)90398-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000208"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24035"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-021-01473-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2023.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-21-0140"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0078-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4053"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI132031"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-6154"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1117679"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2011.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-1049"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210237"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djv346"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2021.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-017-0027-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aah4307"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-1259"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40315-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.05.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0086-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1347-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1318-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3419"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adv2367"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-24-3471"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.152789"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-024-00901-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-024-00887-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-21-0307"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI131041"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI130887"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-23-0754"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-22-1123"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-022-01278-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.12923"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-0664-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-22-0692"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22139-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-021-00743-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.20910"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2010.03659.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2010.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZaidiS ParkJ ChanJMet\u00a0al.Single cell analysis of treatment\u2013resistant prostate cancer: implications of cell state changes for cell surface antigen targeted therapies.bioRxiv2024; 2024.04.09.588340.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.04.09.588340"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SarF ChungHC LinY\u2010Yet\u00a0al.Longitudinal single\u2010cell RNA sequencing of a neuroendocrine transdifferentiation model reveals transcriptional reprogramming in treatment\u2010induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer.bioRxiv2025; 2025.04.25.650369.","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.04.25.650369"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-01476-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LiJJ VasciaveoA KaragiannisDet\u00a0al.NSD2 maintains lineage plasticity and castration\u2010resistance in neuroendocrine prostate cancer.bioRxiv2023; 2023.07.18.549585.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.07.18.549585"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_122_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lineage plasticity in cancer progression and treatment","volume":"2","author":"Magnen CL","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"e_1_2_20_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07113-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aah4199"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.11.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-1912"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-024-00838-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-21-3762"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26042-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e318058a96b"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1634252"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2019.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-08133-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0241-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI187490"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LiS SongK SunHet\u00a0al.Defined cellular reprogramming of androgen receptor\u2010active prostate cancer to neuroendocrine prostate cancer.bioRxiv2025; 2025.02.12.637904.","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.02.12.637904"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-024-00599-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_139_1","first-page":"940","article-title":"DLL3 as an emerging target for the treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"27","author":"Yao J","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oncologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2307980"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2022-2896"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2021.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5781"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.185952"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2017.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24497"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-021-00978-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2018.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13330"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.146827"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2022.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-23-0593"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26612-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2415308122"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2025.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-24-0890"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-024-00667-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24630"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12483"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-016-1949-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.6216"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.70038"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_163_1","article-title":"Heterogeneity and the tumor microenvironment in neuroendocrine prostate cancer","volume":"256","author":"Brady L","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"e_1_2_20_164_1","first-page":"275","article-title":"Intratumoral heterogeneity drives acquired therapy resistance in a patient with metastatic prostate cancer. npj precis","volume":"8","author":"Rhinehart DP","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oncologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/61\/20\/7282"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2024.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_167_1","article-title":"Positron emission tomography\/computed tomography\u2013based assessments of androgen receptor expression and glycolytic activity as a prognostic biomarker for metastatic castration\u2010resistant prostate cancer","volume":"4","author":"Fox JJ","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"e_1_2_20_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/EDBK-25-473636"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-025-01014-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2107322"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00237-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO-25-00678"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-23-0984"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37874-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-2845"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-3396"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-019-0252-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2300023"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-021-00919-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35076-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adk2082"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-24-1509"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI161858"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2023.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-17-0146"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04975-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03704-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2024.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3648"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-022-01222-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08834-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021202771"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.117.198119"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(22)00605-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.119.231068"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_197_1","first-page":"735","article-title":"A comparison of 18F\u2010DCFPyL, 18F\u2010NaF, and 18F\u2010FDG PET\/CT in a prospective cohort of men with metastatic prostate cancer","volume":"63","author":"Fourquet A","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."}],"container-title":["Histopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/his.70033","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/his.70033","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/his.70033","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T21:50:58Z","timestamp":1785448258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/his.70033"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"references-count":196,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/his.70033"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/his.70033","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0309-0167","1365-2559"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0309-0167","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2559","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}