{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T11:17:08Z","timestamp":1775474228965,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004622","name":"KWF Kankerbestrijding","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004622","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Histopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancers, the need for prognostic biomarkers to identify patients most likely to achieve a durable response has become increasingly more relevant. Tumour\u2010infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have gained significant interest, as they can be evaluated using standard haematoxylin and eosin\u2010stained slides, making it a widely accessible and cost\u2010effective biomarker. In addition to their practicality, TILs provide prognostic insights into the interplay between the immune system and tumour cells. While the morphological assessment of TILs has been standardised in breast cancer, comprehensive guidelines for their evaluation in gastro\u2010oesophageal carcinomas (GEC) are still lacking. This narrative review examines the current literature on the composition, clinical implications and therapeutic utility of TILs in GEC. These insights are used to propose a framework with recommendations for standardised evaluation and reporting of TILs in GEC, while also highlighting pitfalls specific to GEC pathology. These recommendations serve as a vital first step towards the widespread use and validation of TILs as a biomarker.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.70089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T08:11:26Z","timestamp":1770279086000},"page":"1126-1141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Making sense of\n                    <scp>TILs<\/scp>\n                    : recommendations for morphological assessment of tumour\u2010infiltrating lymphocytes in gastro\u2010oesophageal carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"88","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1366-0864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ylva A","family":"Weeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Cancer Center Amsterdam Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1110-3801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Salgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology ZAS Hospitals  Brussels Antwerp Belgium"},{"name":"Division of Cancer Research Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6385-7288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filip","family":"van Herpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GI Oncology, Department of Gastroenterology Catholic University Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0926-4614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Sur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d  Cluj\u2010Napoca Romania"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology The Oncology Institute \u201cProf. Dr. Ion Chiricu\u021b\u0103\u201d  Cluj\u2010Napoca Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4336-7721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Vieth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010Universit\u00e4t Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Bayreuth Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6137-9171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sherene","family":"Loi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Research Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9650-2862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad P","family":"Tafti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Pathology &amp; AI Center of Excellence (CPACE), Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Intelligent Systems Program University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9906-7552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hardas","family":"Alexandros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology &amp; Population Sciences The Royal Veterinary College, University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4486-8819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akira I","family":"Hida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Matsuyama Shimin Hospital  Matsuyama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4893-3873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amarpreet","family":"Bhalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montefiore Medical Center The University Hospital for Albert Einstein College of Medicine  Bronx New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6301-4619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrey I","family":"Khramtsov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Ann &amp; Robert H. 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