{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:56:28Z","timestamp":1790873788027,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Histopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We present a series of patients with chronic, ulcerative oesophagitis refractory to proton\u2010pump inhibitor therapy and rich in IgG4\u2010positive plasma cells that do not strictly meet criteria for IgG4\u2010related disease; aiming to characterize the clinical and histological pattern of this disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrieved cases of chronic ulcerative oesophagitis rich in IgG4\u2010positive plasma cells, diagnosed from 2019 to 2025. Histological and immunohistochemical slides were re\u2010evaluated and findings correlated with clinical data, including patients' symptoms, endoscopic findings and follow\u2010up information. A total of 12 patients with a mean age of 63.1\u2009years were included. Dysphagia was the most common symptom (9\/12 patients), followed by heartburn (8\/12 patients). Serum levels of IgG4 were elevated in four patients, in three accompanied by increased IgG levels. Other organ involvement by IgG4\u2010RD was not observed. Endoscopy showed ulceration in 100% and stricture in 50% of cases, respectively; the lower third of the oesophagus was most commonly affected. Histology illustrated dense plasma cell\u2010rich infiltration with a mean number of IgG4\u2010positive plasma cells of 70\/HPF (range 25\u2013100) and a mean IgG4\/IgG ratio of 73% (range 50%\u201390%). Corticosteroids led to improvement of symptoms in 8\/9 and histological remission in 4\/5 patients, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic ulcerative oesophagitis rich in IgG4\u2010positive plasma cells may exert a severe clinical impact on affected individuals but appears to respond well to corticosteroid therapy. This case series demonstrates clinicopathological findings of the disorder and highlights the importance of IgG4 immunohistochemistry in therapy\u2010refractory cases of chronic oesophageal ulceration with dense plasma cell\u2010rich inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.70138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T10:08:26Z","timestamp":1773050906000},"page":"47-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Chronic ulcerative oesophagitis rich in\n                    <scp>IgG4<\/scp>\n                    \u2010positive plasma cells \u2013 a distinct clinicopathological entity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7758-0505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna","family":"Henzinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Centre of Molecular BioMedicine Medical University of Graz  Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6329-2547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Envoi Specialist Pathologists  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9447-1967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony J","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research Royal North Shore Hospital  St Leonards New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"New South Wales Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology Royal North Shore Hospital  St Leonards New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Medical School University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Slavik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ampath Pathology Laboratories  Pretoria South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Pretoria  Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7428-4673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Zamboni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Sacro Cuore\u2010Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella  Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0322-8460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cord","family":"Langner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Centre of Molecular BioMedicine Medical University of Graz  Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000680"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39205"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/dox091"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2025.105873"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2012.72"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41120"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2020.1859710"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2023.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2024.2385493"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.40"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/602809"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2010.085613"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2014-202814"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0b013e3181ee63ce"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14061"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-023-02317-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13479"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000520271"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"295","article-title":"IgG4\u2010related esophageal disease presenting as esophagitis dissecans superficialis with chronic strictures","volume":"6","author":"Dumas\u2010Campagna M","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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