{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T04:03:41Z","timestamp":1792296221932,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Histopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breast phyllodes tumours (PT) are rare biphasic neoplasms consisting of epithelial and stromal components. They are classified into benign, borderline and malignant categories. Diagnosing and grading PTs present a challenge for pathologists, as there are multiple histological parameters and their own tiers. We aim to investigate the potential role of artificial intelligence (AI) as a diagnostic aid in determining PT grade.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated 15 PT whole slide images (WSIs), comprising 5 benign, 5 borderline and 5 malignant cases. We sought to classify and retrieve the most relevant WSIs by matching histological features at different patch sizes, using the Yottixel framework for WSI processing. Patches were extracted at a 20\u00d7 magnification level. We then used the KimiaNet to extract feature vectors and transformed these into barcode representations. Barcodes of a query WSI were compared with those of others in the archive, allowing us to identify the most similar WSI and determine the PT grades from histological similarities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We utilized \u2018majority\u2010n accuracy\u2019 as a measure of correctness, that is when the majority of the top\u2010n search results have the correct diagnosis as the query patient. We achieved a maximum reported accuracy of 67%, with a 3000\u2009\u00d7\u20093000 patch size when grading PT at majority voting with n\u2009=\u20094.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite the small sample size and absence of fine\u2010tuning, our study demonstrated the potential of AI\u2010based PT grade stratification using various patch sizes through histological matching. This serves as a preliminary proof of concept, with the prospect of refinement for potential routine clinical application.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.70144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T08:59:46Z","timestamp":1773910786000},"page":"383-389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Artificial intelligence modelling in grading breast phyllodes tumours"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4305-7119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica Ee Ting","family":"Koong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4660-8253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abubakr","family":"Shafique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kimia Lab, Department of AI&amp;I, Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2719-1449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nur Diyana","family":"Md Nasir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Breast Surgery Center  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4159-9403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine  Maywood Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4164-2280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oi","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology Hokuto Hospital  Obihiro Hokkaido Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1058-5826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Western Sydney University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2388-290X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rieko","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Nagoya Medical Center  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6383-8022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuyo","family":"Ohi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hakuaikai Sagara Hospital  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5488-601X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamid R.","family":"Tizhoosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kimia Lab, Department of AI&amp;I, Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1052-8605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Puay Hoon","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Luma Medical Centre  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"WHO classification of tumours of the breast","author":"WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12876"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1066896914548763"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.15455"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-024-01912-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2020.101757"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100381"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-025-01963-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"KunduR.Confusion matrix: how to use it & interpret results.https:\/\/www.v7labs.com\/blog\/confusion\u2010matrix\u2010guide."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.14585"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-024-01453-w"}],"container-title":["Histopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/his.70144","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/his.70144","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/his.70144","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T19:24:14Z","timestamp":1783452254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/his.70144"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/his.70144"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/his.70144","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0309-0167","1365-2559"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0309-0167","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2559","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}