{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T06:49:13Z","timestamp":1782542953204,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Histopathology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This systematic review with meta\u2010analysis aims to analyse the existing literature on clinicopathological features of sporadic gastric hyperplastic polyps (GHP), with special emphasis on risk factors associated with neoplastic transformation, as well as available immunohistochemical and molecular data relevant to GHP carcinogenesis. We searched two electronic databases and included studies reporting the presence of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma arising in GHP. Meta\u2010analysis of odds ratios (ORs) was performed using random\u2010effects models. We included 58 studies, 11 of which were included in quantitative synthesis. The overall rate of neoplastic transformation in GHP was 6.0% and progression to adenocarcinoma was observed in 1.5%. Statistically significant risk factors for neoplastic transformation were age \u226565\u2009years (OR 2.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.88\u20133.59]), size \u226520\u2009mm (OR 4.63; 95% CI [1.82; 11.77]) with increasing size thresholds, as well as intestinal metaplasia (OR 3.65; 95% CI [1.68; 7.97]). Although the evidence is limited, the available data suggest that GHP located in the cardia or arising in a dysplastic background gastric mucosa may represent higher\u2010risk subsets. Immunohistochemical subtyping of dysplasia showed a progressive shift from a predominantly gastric phenotype in non\u2010neoplastic GHP to a hybrid (gastric\u2013intestinal) phenotype in dysplasia and adenocarcinoma.\n                    <jats:italic>TP53<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009alterations and chromosomal instability were the most frequently reported molecular events. GHP present a significant neoplastic potential, particularly in the presence of additional clinicopathological risk factors. Lesion size, patient age and \u2013 above all \u2013 the status of the surrounding gastric mucosa should guide endoscopic management, pathological interpretation and surveillance strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/his.70202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T06:41:27Z","timestamp":1782542487000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neoplastic transformation of sporadic gastric hyperplastic polyps: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of risk factors and clinicopathological features"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2372-5209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas Maria","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto (FMUP)  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2275-2895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Simpl\u00edcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto (FMUP)  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1834-3055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael Jos\u00e9","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, RISE\u2010Health University of Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, CINTESIS@RISE, Health Research Network University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1293-3353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3377-0530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Gullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto (FMUP)  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, RISE\u2010Health Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP)  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.139","article-title":"The current spectrum of gastric polyps: a 1\u2010year national study of over 120,000 patients","volume":"104","author":"Carmack SW","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. 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