{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T17:06:49Z","timestamp":1767373609637},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,8]],"date-time":"2013-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> is thought to play a role in glucose homeostasis and beta cell function. Our aim was to examine the impact of plasma 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> [25(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>)<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>] upon <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> insulin sensitivity and beta cell function in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected male patients without diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was carried out involving a cohort of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients undergoing regular assessment in a tertiary hospital. Eighty\u2010nine patients [mean (\u00b1\u2009standard deviation) age 42\u2009\u00b1\u20098 years] were included in the study: 14 patients were antiretroviral therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010na\u00efve, while 75 were on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content>. Vitamin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> insufficiency (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDI<\/jats:styled-content>) was defined as 25(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>)<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009&lt;\u200975\u2009nmol\/L; insulin sensitivity was determined using a 2\u2010h continuous infusion of glucose model assessment with homeostasis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIGMA\u2010HOMA<\/jats:styled-content>), using the trapezoidal model to calculate the incremental insulin and glucose areas under the curve (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUCins<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUGglu<\/jats:styled-content>, respectively). Beta cell function was assessed using the disposition index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DI<\/jats:styled-content>). Abdominal visceral adipose tissue (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAT<\/jats:styled-content>) and hepatic triglyceride content (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HTGC<\/jats:styled-content>) were measured by magnetic resonance imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>) and 1\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content> magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDI<\/jats:styled-content> was associated with insulin resistance (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IR<\/jats:styled-content>), as indicated by a higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIGMA\u2010HOMA<\/jats:styled-content> index (odds ratio 1.1) [1.01\u20131.2]. This association was independent of the main confounders, such as age, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>enters for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>isease <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>ontrol and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>revention (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDC<\/jats:styled-content>) stage, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content>, lipodystrophy, body mass index, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAT<\/jats:styled-content>:subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HTGC<\/jats:styled-content>, as confirmed by multivariate analysis (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912.3; <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01; <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.7). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IR<\/jats:styled-content> in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDI<\/jats:styled-content> was compensated by an increase in insulin response. However, beta cell function was lower in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDI<\/jats:styled-content> subpopulation (33% decrease in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DI<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDI<\/jats:styled-content> in nondiabetic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive male patients is associated with impaired insulin sensitivity and a decrease in pancreatic beta cell function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,8]],"date-time":"2013-05-08T09:36:45Z","timestamp":1368005805000},"page":"540-548","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Impact of vitamin <scp>D<\/scp> insufficiency on insulin homeostasis and beta cell function in nondiabetic male <scp>HIV<\/scp>\u2010infected patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"O","family":"Moreno\u2010P\u00e9rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Department Alicante University General Hospital  Alicante Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Portilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit Alicante University General Hospital  Alicante Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Esco\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit Alicante University General Hospital  Alicante Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Alfayate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hormone Laboratory Alicante University General Hospital  Alicante Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Reus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit Alicante University General Hospital  Alicante Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Merino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit Alicante University General Hospital  Alicante Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Boix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit Alicante University General Hospital  Alicante Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Bernabeu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Unit \u2013 Inscanner S.L. 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