{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T15:22:46Z","timestamp":1784301766016,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,19]],"date-time":"2013-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1368921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis are common in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients and residual systemic inflammation is thought to contribute to both of these disorders. We performed a randomized placebo\u2010controlled trial of omega\u20103\u2010acid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O3A<\/jats:styled-content>) ethyl esters in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients with hypertriglyceridaemia, hypothesizing that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O3A<\/jats:styled-content> would decrease serum levels of triglycerides, markers of systemic inflammation, and markers of bone turnover.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200948 recruited at three sites) with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD4<\/jats:styled-content> count &gt;200\u2009cells\/\u03bcL, suppressed viral load, and triglycerides &gt;200\u2009mg\/dL were randomized to placebo or 3.6\u2009g\/d of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O3A<\/jats:styled-content>. Fasting lipid profiles and markers of inflammation and bone turnover were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Baseline <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> status, lipid profile, bone metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors were similar between the groups. Inflammatory markers were similar between the treatment groups at baseline, except for interleukin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20106 and tumour necrosis factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010\u03b1, which were higher in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O3A<\/jats:styled-content> group. The concentration of triglycerides in patients receiving <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O3A<\/jats:styled-content> decreased by a median (interquartile range (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content>)) of \u221234 (\u2212149, 9.5) mg\/dL <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> a median increase of 46.5 (\u221251, 123) mg\/dL in the placebo group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01). The median percentage change in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106 was greater in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O3A<\/jats:styled-content> group compared with the placebo group [\u221239% (\u221263, 12%) <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 29% (10, 177%), respectively; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006]. Similar results were observed for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1, but not other inflammatory or bone turnover markers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O3A<\/jats:styled-content> ethyl esters decreased the concentrations of triglycerides, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 in patients with well\u2010controlled <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection and hypertriglyceridaemia. Larger studies are required to confirm these findings and investigate their clinical significance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,20]],"date-time":"2013-05-20T01:30:40Z","timestamp":1369013440000},"page":"530-539","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Omega\u20103 fatty acid therapy reduces triglycerides and interleukin\u20106 in hypertriglyeridemic <scp>HIV<\/scp> patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"TS","family":"Metkus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Timpone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Georgetown University  Washington, DC WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Leaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine Veterans Administration Medical Center  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M Bidwell","family":"Goetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Veterans Administration Medical Center  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WS","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Sanford School of Medicine University of South Dakota, and OmegaQuant Analytics, LLC  Sioux Falls SD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TT","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3181d2c863"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm241"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.151"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-145-6-200609190-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2011.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2190"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir520"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.7.844"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.06.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201100710"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.7.1206"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"385","article-title":"Calcium, gamma\u2010linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation in senile osteoporosis","volume":"10","author":"Kruger MC","year":"1998","journal-title":"Aging (Milano)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-10-66"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2008.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2007.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31802c2f3d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2011.0088"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/hct1205-268"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/497273"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-010-0141-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3182160726"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1203859"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.06.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-010-3511-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509990298"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","unstructured":"McComseyGA KitchD SaxPEet\u2009al.Associations of inflammatory markers with AIDS and non\u2010AIDS clinical events after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART): AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5224s a substudy of ACTG A5202.XIX International AIDS Conference. 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