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Strategies for promoting adherence to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> treatment, and their potential application to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PrEP<\/jats:styled-content> adherence, have received considerable attention. However, adherence promotion strategies for prevention medications have not been well characterized and may be more applicable to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PrEP<\/jats:styled-content>. We aimed to identify adherence support interventions that have been effective in other prevention fields and could be applied in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> prevention context to support pill taking among <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PrEP<\/jats:styled-content> users.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify adherence support interventions that could be evaluated and applied in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PrEP<\/jats:styled-content> context, we conducted a systematic review across the following prevention fields: hypertension, latent tuberculosis infection, hyperlipidaemia, oral contraceptives, osteoporosis, malaria prophylaxis, and post\u2010exposure prophylaxis for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection. We included randomized controlled trials that evaluated the efficacy of interventions to improve adherence to daily oral medications prescribed for primary prevention in healthy individuals or for secondary prevention in asymptomatic individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our searches identified 585 studies, of which 48 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review; nine evaluated multiple strategies, yielding 64 separately tested interventions. Interventions with the strongest evidence for improving adherence included complex, resource\u2010intensive interventions, which combined multiple adherence support approaches, and low\u2010cost, low\u2010intensity interventions that provided education or telephone calls for adherence support.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our review identified adherence interventions with strong evidence of efficacy across prevention fields and provides recommendations for evaluating these interventions in upcoming <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PrEP<\/jats:styled-content> studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,25]],"date-time":"2014-02-25T02:38:03Z","timestamp":1393295883000},"page":"385-395","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Helping our patients take <scp>HIV<\/scp> pre\u2010exposure prophylaxis (<scp>PrEP<\/scp>): a systematic review of adherence interventions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"JL","family":"Marcus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology  San Francisco CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of California  Berkeley CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Buisker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of California  Berkeley CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Horvath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Sciences University of California  San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KR","family":"Amico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health, Intervention and Prevention University of Connecticut  Storrs CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JD","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Learning and Innovation San Francisco Department of Public Health  San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SP","family":"Buchbinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bridge HIV San Francisco Department of Public Health  San Francisco CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California  San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RM","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology  San Francisco CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California  San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AY","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bridge HIV San Francisco Department of Public Health  San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"(UNAIDS) JUNPoHA.Global report: UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic 2012. 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