{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T03:17:30Z","timestamp":1778210250333,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,24]],"date-time":"2014-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology","award":["NRF-2013R1A1A2005412 and NRF-2011-220-E00015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2013R1A1A2005412 and NRF-2011-220-E00015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"Objectives<\/jats:title>HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND<\/jats:styled-content>) is an independent predictor of early mortality and is associated with many difficulties in activities of daily living. We sought to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for HAND<\/jats:styled-content> in HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected K<\/jats:styled-content>oreans. In addition, we investigated the performance of screening tools and components of neuropsychological (NP<\/jats:styled-content>) tests for diagnosing HAND<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients were enrolled consecutively from two different urban teaching hospitals in S<\/jats:styled-content>eoul, S<\/jats:styled-content>outh K<\/jats:styled-content>orea between M<\/jats:styled-content>arch 2012 and S<\/jats:styled-content>eptember 2012. Participants completed a detailed NP<\/jats:styled-content> assessment of six cognitive domains commonly affected by HIV<\/jats:styled-content>. The F<\/jats:styled-content>rascati criteria were used for diagnosing HAND<\/jats:styled-content>. Four key questions, the International HIV D<\/jats:styled-content>ementia S<\/jats:styled-content>cale (IHDS<\/jats:styled-content>) and M<\/jats:styled-content>ontreal C<\/jats:styled-content>ognitive A<\/jats:styled-content>ssessment (MoCA<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010K<\/jats:styled-content> were also assessed as potential tools for screening for HAND<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Among the 194 participants, the prevalence of HAND<\/jats:styled-content> was 26.3%. Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment and minor neurocognitive disorder accounted for 52.9 and 47.1% of the patients with HAND<\/jats:styled-content>, respectively. In multivariate analysis, haemoglobin (Hb<\/jats:styled-content>) level \u2264\u200913\u2009g\/dL (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.046) and current use of a protease inhibitor\u2010based regimen (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.031) were independent risk factors for HAND<\/jats:styled-content>. The sensitivity and specificity of the IHDS<\/jats:styled-content> were 72.6 and 60.8%, and those of MoCA\u2010K<\/jats:styled-content> were 52.9 and 73.4%, respectively. The IHDS<\/jats:styled-content> (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.001) and MoCA\u2010K<\/jats:styled-content> (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.001) were both useful for screening for HAND<\/jats:styled-content>. Among NP<\/jats:styled-content> tests, the sensitivity and specificity of the G<\/jats:styled-content>rooved P<\/jats:styled-content>egboard T<\/jats:styled-content>est were 90.2 and 72.0%, and those of the W<\/jats:styled-content>isconsin C<\/jats:styled-content>ard S<\/jats:styled-content>orting T<\/jats:styled-content>est were 61.2 and 84.4%, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>HAND<\/jats:styled-content> is a prevalent comorbidity in HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected K<\/jats:styled-content>oreans. Active screening and diagnosis with effective tools, such as the IHDS<\/jats:styled-content>, MoCA\u2010K<\/jats:styled-content> and G<\/jats:styled-content>rooved P<\/jats:styled-content>egboard T<\/jats:styled-content>est, could be used to identify this important complication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,25]],"date-time":"2014-02-25T02:38:09Z","timestamp":1393295889000},"page":"470-477","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["HIV<\/scp>\u2010associated neurocognitive disorder in HIV<\/scp>\u2010infected K<\/scp>oreans: the K<\/scp>orean N<\/scp>euroAIDS P<\/scp>roject"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"NS","family":"Ku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and AIDS Research Institute Seoul South 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