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Biomarkers are needed to identify such patients before a clinical event. Lipoprotein\u2010associated phospholipase A2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> (Lp\u2010PLA2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>) predicts CVD<\/jats:styled-content> events in the general population. This study investigated the relationship between Lp\u2010PLA2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> and markers of CVD<\/jats:styled-content> risk, systemic inflammation, immune activation, and coagulation in HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>One hundred subjects on stable ART<\/jats:styled-content> with normal fasting low\u2010density lipoprotein (LDL<\/jats:styled-content>) cholesterol were enrolled in the study. Plasma Lp\u2010PLA2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> concentrations were measured by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>; >\u2009200\u2009ng\/mL was considered high CVD<\/jats:styled-content> risk). Subclinical atherosclerosis, endothelial function, inflammation, immune activation and fasting lipids were also evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The median age of the patients was 47 years and 77% were male. Median (range) Lp\u2010PLA2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> was 209 (71\u2013402) ng\/mL. Fifty\u2010seven per cent of patients had Lp\u2010PLA2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> concentrations >\u2009200\u2009ng\/mL. Lp\u2010PLA2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> was positively correlated with soluble markers of inflammation or immune activation (tumour necrosis factor receptor\u2010II<\/jats:styled-content>, intercellular and vascular cellular adhesion molecules, and CD<\/jats:styled-content>14; all R<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.3; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.01), and negatively correlated with coagulation markers (D<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010dimer and fibrinogen; both R<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.2; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.04). Lp\u2010PLA2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> was not correlated with lipids, coronary artery calcium score, or flow\u2010mediated vasodilation, but trended towards a significant correlation with carotid intima\u2010media thickness (R<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.2; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>In this population with stable ART<\/jats:styled-content> and normal LDL<\/jats:styled-content> cholesterol, Lp\u2010PLA2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> was in the high CVD<\/jats:styled-content> risk category in the majority of subjects. Lp\u2010PLA2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> appears to be associated with inflammation\/immune activation, but also with anti\u2010thrombotic effects. Lp\u2010PLA2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> may represent a valuable early biomarker of CVD<\/jats:styled-content> risk in HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection before subclinical atherosclerosis can be detected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,21]],"date-time":"2014-03-21T01:48:49Z","timestamp":1395366529000},"page":"537-546","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Lipoprotein\u2010associated phospholipase A2<\/sub><\/scp> and cardiovascular disease risk in HIV<\/scp> infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Ross Eckard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"CT","family":"Longenecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA"},{"name":"Rainbow 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