{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T14:37:21Z","timestamp":1775918241274,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,24]],"date-time":"2014-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"Objectives<\/jats:title>The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010associated anal cancer is increasing. Men who have sex with men (MSM<\/jats:styled-content>), particularly those coinfected with HIV<\/jats:styled-content>, are disproportionately affected. Documenting the molecular epidemiology of HPV<\/jats:styled-content> infection is important in guiding policy makers in formulating universal and\/or targeted vaccine guidelines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>A prospective cohort study was conducted. HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive and HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010negative MSM<\/jats:styled-content> >\u200918 years old were invited to participate. Provider\u2010performed anal swabs were collected and anal HPV<\/jats:styled-content> infection was detected using consensus primer solution phase polymerase chain reaction (PCR<\/jats:styled-content>) followed by type\u2010specific PCR<\/jats:styled-content> for high\u2010risk (HR<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010HPV<\/jats:styled-content> types 16, 18 and 31. Between\u2010group differences were analysed using \u03c72<\/jats:sup> tests and Wilcoxon rank tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>One hundred and ninety\u2010four MSM<\/jats:styled-content> [mean (standard deviation (SD<\/jats:styled-content>)) age 36 (10) years; 51% HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive) were recruited. The median number of sexual contacts in the preceding 12 months was 4 (interquartile range 2\u201010). HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive subjects had a mean (SD<\/jats:styled-content>) CD4<\/jats:styled-content> count of 557 (217) cells\/\u03bcL, and 84% were on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART<\/jats:styled-content>). Thirty\u2010one samples were B<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2010globin negative and thus excluded from further analysis. A total of 113 subjects (69%) had detectable HPV DNA<\/jats:styled-content>. Sixty\u2010eight subjects (42%) had an HR\u2010HPV<\/jats:styled-content> type detected. HR HPV<\/jats:styled-content> type 16 was detected in 44 samples (27%), HR\u2010HPV<\/jats:styled-content> type 18 in 26 samples (16%) and HR\u2010HPV<\/jats:styled-content> type 31 in 14 samples (23%). Twenty\u2010eight subjects (17%) had more than one type of HR\u2010HPV<\/jats:styled-content> type detected. When HPV<\/jats:styled-content> and HR\u2010HPV<\/jats:styled-content> were stratified by age, those >\u200935 years had a higher prevalence (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001 and P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028, respectively). HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive subjects were more likely than HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010negative subjects to have any detectable HPV<\/jats:styled-content> (77% vs.<\/jats:italic> 61%, respectively; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04), to have HR\u2010HPV<\/jats:styled-content> type 18 or 31 (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.05 and P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006, respectively) and to be infected with more than one HR\u2010HPV<\/jats:styled-content> type (31% vs.<\/jats:italic> 3%, respectively; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.001). Within the HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive group, the prevalence of HPV<\/jats:styled-content> was higher in those not on HAART<\/jats:styled-content> (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.041), although it did not differ when stratified by CD4<\/jats:styled-content> count.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>The identified prevalence of anal HPV<\/jats:styled-content> infection was high. Emerging patterns of HPV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related disease strengthen the call for universal vaccination of boys and girls with consideration of catch\u2010up and targeted vaccination of high\u2010risk groups such as MSM<\/jats:styled-content> and those with HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,24]],"date-time":"2014-03-24T04:22:47Z","timestamp":1395634967000},"page":"499-504","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Prevalence of human papillomavirus in men who have sex with men in the era of an effective vaccine; a call to act"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"C","family":"Sadlier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of GU Medicine and Infectious Diseases (GUIDE) St James's Hospital Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Rowley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of GU Medicine and Infectious Diseases (GUIDE) St James's Hospital Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Morley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of GU Medicine and Infectious Diseases (GUIDE) St James's Hospital Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Surah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of GU Medicine and Infectious Diseases (GUIDE) St James's Hospital Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"O'Dea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of GU Medicine and Infectious Diseases (GUIDE) St James's Hospital Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Delamere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of GU Medicine and Infectious Diseases (GUIDE) St James's Hospital Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"O'Leary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Histopathology, Central Pathology Laboratory St James's Hospital\/Trinity College Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Smyth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Histopathology, Central Pathology Laboratory St James's Hospital\/Trinity College Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of GU Medicine and Infectious Diseases (GUIDE) St James's Hospital Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O","family":"Sheils","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Histopathology, Central Pathology Laboratory St James's Hospital\/Trinity College Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Bergin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of GU Medicine and Infectious Diseases (GUIDE) St James's Hospital Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.8.813"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2004.03.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djs491"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.05.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-10-200805200-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31817aebfe"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20365"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir1012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"RyanM.An evaluation of the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the pharmacoeconomics and pharmacoepidemiology of HIV infection. 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