{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:14:13Z","timestamp":1790874853825,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CMB","award":["to ZW"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["to ZW"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["31371180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31371180"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"Objectives<\/jats:title>Sleep disorders are common in patients with HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\/AIDS<\/jats:styled-content>, and can lead to poor quality of life. Although many studies have investigated the aetiology of these disorders, it is still unclear whether impaired sleep quality is associated with HIV<\/jats:styled-content> itself, social problems, or side effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART<\/jats:styled-content>). Moreover, despite its known neurological associations, little is known about the role of the trans\u2010activator of transcription (T<\/jats:styled-content>at) protein in sleep disorders in patients with HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\/AIDS<\/jats:styled-content>. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the sleep quality of patients with HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\/AIDS<\/jats:styled-content> affected by an altered circadian rhythm correlates with cerebrospinal HIV<\/jats:styled-content> Tat protein concentration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Ninety\u2010six patients with HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\/AIDS<\/jats:styled-content> between 20 and 69 years old completed the P<\/jats:styled-content>ittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Their circadian rhythm parameters of blood pressure, Tat concentration in cerebrospinal fluid, melatonin concentration, CD4<\/jats:styled-content> cell count and HIV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> viral load in serum were measured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The circadian amplitude of systolic blood pressure and the score for sleep quality (P<\/jats:styled-content>ittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) were negatively correlated with HIV<\/jats:styled-content> Tat protein concentration, while the melatonin value was positively correlated with Tat protein concentration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>The HIV<\/jats:styled-content> Tat protein affects circadian rhythmicity by interfering with the circadian system in patients with HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\/AIDS<\/jats:styled-content> and further increases the melatonin excretion value. A T<\/jats:styled-content>at protein\u2010related high melatonin value may counteract HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related poor sleep quality during the progression of HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection. This study provides the first clinical evidence offering an explanation for why sleep quality did not show an association with progression of HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection in previous studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,21]],"date-time":"2014-04-21T01:28:36Z","timestamp":1398043716000},"page":"565-570","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["HIV T<\/scp>at protein affects circadian rhythmicity by interfering with the circadian system"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"T","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA"},{"name":"Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN 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