{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T06:30:05Z","timestamp":1791095405013,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,21]],"date-time":"2014-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"Objectives<\/jats:title>In long\u2010term HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients, peripheral lipoatrophy (LA<\/jats:styled-content>) and central lipohypertrophy (LH<\/jats:styled-content>) appear to be related to the same insults (virus and antiretroviral drugs), but are likely to be associated with different fat depot physiologies. The objective of this study was to describe the natural history of lipodystrophy assessed using dual energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry (DEXA<\/jats:styled-content>) and computed tomography (CT<\/jats:styled-content>) in a large HIV out\u2010patients metabolic clinic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>An observational retrospective study was carried out including HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients recruited at the M<\/jats:styled-content>etabolic C<\/jats:styled-content>linic of M<\/jats:styled-content>odena, M<\/jats:styled-content>odena, I<\/jats:styled-content>taly, who were assessed for lipodystrophy and had at least two anthropometric evaluations using DEXA<\/jats:styled-content> for leg fat per cent mass and abdominal CT<\/jats:styled-content> for visceral adipose tissue (VAT<\/jats:styled-content>). Factors associated with leg fat per cent and VAT<\/jats:styled-content> changes were analysed using multivariable generalized estimating equation (GEE<\/jats:styled-content>) regression models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>A total of 6789 DEXAs<\/jats:styled-content> and 7566 CT<\/jats:styled-content> scans were evaluated in the observation period. A total of 1840 patients were included; the mean age was 45.2\u2009\u00b1\u20097.2 (standard deviation) years, 621 (34%) were women, and the median HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection duration was 176 (interquartile range 121\u2013232) years. According to the GEE<\/jats:styled-content> multivariable regression analysis, leg fat per cent evaluated with DEXA<\/jats:styled-content> appeared to increase over calendar years (\u00df\u2009=\u20090.92; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.001); moreover, a progressive increase in VAT<\/jats:styled-content> was observed in the cohort (\u00df\u2009=\u20095.69; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.001). No association with antiretroviral drugs was found.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>In our study, neither LA<\/jats:styled-content> nor LH<\/jats:styled-content> appeared to be associated with antiretroviral drug exposure. We observed a progressive increase in LH<\/jats:styled-content> in HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients over calendar years. This anthropometric change, together with loss of appendicular lean mass, could describe a physiological aging process in HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]],"date-time":"2014-04-22T00:48:41Z","timestamp":1398127721000},"page":"587-594","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["The natural history of HIV<\/scp>\u2010associated lipodystrophy in the changing scenario of HIV<\/scp> infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"G","family":"Guaraldi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Clinics Policlinico University Hospital Modena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Stentarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Clinics Policlinico University Hospital Modena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Zona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Clinics Policlinico University Hospital Modena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Clinics Policlinico University Hospital Modena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Beghetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Clinics Policlinico University Hospital Modena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Carli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Clinics Policlinico University Hospital Modena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Orlando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Clinics Policlinico University Hospital Modena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Franceschetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Service Policlinico University Hospital Modena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Casolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Service Policlinico University Hospital Modena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Mussini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Clinics Policlinico University Hospital Modena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13802-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199803263381301"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.1.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199807000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000182230.47819.aa"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000229996.75116.da"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31816d9ba1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31814b94e2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200107270-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/hct0906-407"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V361212","article-title":"Chronic lactic acidosis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and mitochondrial myopathy: biochemical studies","volume":"3","author":"Gopinath R","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0807252"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000147527.64863.1a"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350801300309","article-title":"Insulin resistance, hepatic lipid and adipose tissue distribution in HIV\u2010infected men","volume":"13","author":"He Q","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32833c055a"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.1.100"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00797.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2010.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010167"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/EYWJ-8B5K-X7VQ-9CPE"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/381684"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32833ac7a2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Fat distribution and longitudinal anthropometric changes in HIV\u2010infected men with and without clinical evidence of lipodystrophy and HIV\u2010uninfected controls: a substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study","volume":"13","author":"Brown TT","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2007.00537.x"}],"container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fhiv.12159","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hiv.12159","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T03:00:37Z","timestamp":1696302037000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/hiv.12159"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,21]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/hiv.12159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hiv.12159","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1464-2662","1468-1293"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1464-2662","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-1293","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,21]]}}}