{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:39:22Z","timestamp":1791283162738,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,19]],"date-time":"2014-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1400457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"Objectives<\/jats:title>The aim of the study was to statistically model the relative increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD<\/jats:styled-content>) per year older in D<\/jats:styled-content>ata collection on A<\/jats:styled-content>dverse events of anti\u2010HIV D<\/jats:styled-content>rugs (D:A:D<\/jats:styled-content>) and to compare this with the relative increased risk of CVD<\/jats:styled-content> per year older in general population risk equations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>We analysed three endpoints: myocardial infarction (MI<\/jats:styled-content>), coronary heart disease (CHD<\/jats:styled-content>: MI or invasive coronary procedure) and CVD<\/jats:styled-content> (CHD<\/jats:styled-content> or stroke). We fitted a number of parametric age effects, adjusting for known risk factors and antiretroviral therapy (ART<\/jats:styled-content>) use. The best\u2010fitting age effect was determined using the Akaike information criterion. We compared the ageing effect from D<\/jats:styled-content>:A<\/jats:styled-content>:D<\/jats:styled-content> with that from the general population risk equations: the F<\/jats:styled-content>ramingham Heart Study, CUORE<\/jats:styled-content> and ASSIGN<\/jats:styled-content> risk scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>A total of 24\u2009323 men were included in analyses. C<\/jats:styled-content>rude MI<\/jats:styled-content>, CHD<\/jats:styled-content> and CVD<\/jats:styled-content> event rates per 1000 person\u2010years increased from 2.29, 3.11 and 3.65 in those aged 40\u201345 years to 6.53, 11.91 and 15.89 in those aged 60\u201365 years, respectively. The best\u2010fitting models included inverse age for MI<\/jats:styled-content> and age + age2<\/jats:sup> for CHD<\/jats:styled-content> and CVD<\/jats:styled-content>. In D<\/jats:styled-content>:A<\/jats:styled-content>:D<\/jats:styled-content> there was a slowly accelerating increased risk of CHD<\/jats:styled-content> and CVD<\/jats:styled-content> per year older, which appeared to be only modest yet was consistently raised compared with the risk in the general population. The relative risk of MI<\/jats:styled-content> with age was not different between D<\/jats:styled-content>:A<\/jats:styled-content>:D<\/jats:styled-content> and the general population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>We found only limited evidence of accelerating increased risk of CVD<\/jats:styled-content> with age in D<\/jats:styled-content>:A<\/jats:styled-content>:D<\/jats:styled-content> compared with the general population. The absolute risk of CVD<\/jats:styled-content> associated with HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection remains uncertain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,20]],"date-time":"2014-05-20T02:09:29Z","timestamp":1400551769000},"page":"595-603","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD<\/scp>) with age in HIV<\/scp>\u2010positive men: a comparison of the D<\/scp>:A<\/scp>:D CVD<\/scp> risk equation and general population CVD<\/scp> risk equations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"K","family":"Petoumenos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AHOD The Kirby Institute UNSW Australia Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Reiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Medical Center Department of Global Health Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"HIV Monitoring Foundation (ATHENA cohort) Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Ryom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen HIV Program (CHIP) Department of Infectious Disease (8632) Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Rickenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss HIV Cohort Study Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CA","family":"Sabin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Infection and Population Health UCL London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W","family":"El\u2010Sadr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CPCRA ICAP\u2010Columbia University New York USA"},{"name":"Harlem Hospital New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"d'Arminio Monforte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit Department of Health Sciences San Paolo University Hospital Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AN","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Infection and Population Health UCL London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"De Wit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint\u2010Pierre Cohort CHU Saint\u2010Pierre Hospital Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O","family":"Kirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen HIV Program (CHIP) Department of Infectious Disease (8632) Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Dabis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Bordeaux ISPED Centre Inserm U897 \u2013 Epidemiologie\u2010Biostatistique Bordeaux France"},{"name":"INSERM ISPED Centre Inserm U897 \u2013 Epidemiologie\u2010Biostatistique Bordeaux France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Pradier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Nice University Hospital Nice France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JD","family":"Lundgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen HIV Program (CHIP) Department of Infectious Disease (8632) Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MG","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AHOD The Kirby Institute UNSW Australia Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"D:A:D study group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir626"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181b79d22"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyp306"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir627"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2190"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/523577"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200208150-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200308010-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030218"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062744"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJR.0b013e328336a150"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(91)90861-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.18.1837"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.699579"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyh405"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2006.108167"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0302.102575"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39261.471806.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.2.180"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328339192f"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","unstructured":"SchoutenJ WitFW StolteIGet\u2009al.Comorbidity and ageing in HIV\u2010infection: the AGEhIV Cohort Study.XIX International AIDS Conference. 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