{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:39:22Z","timestamp":1791283162721,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,17]],"date-time":"2014-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 AI100700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 AI100700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obesity and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection are associated with an increased incidence of noninfectious comorbid medical conditions, but the relationship between body mass index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>) and the development of noncommunicable diseases (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCDs<\/jats:styled-content>) among individuals on antiretroviral therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content>) has not been well characterized.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cohort study of adults initiating <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content> between 1998 and 2010 at an academic centre with systematic laboratory and clinical data collection, including <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCD<\/jats:styled-content> diagnoses, was carried out. The relationship between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content> initiation and the risk of incident cardiovascular, hepatic, renal or oncological <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCDs<\/jats:styled-content> was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> was fitted using restricted cubic splines and models adjusted for age, sex, race, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD4<\/jats:styled-content> count, protease inhibitor use, year of initiation, and prior <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010defining illness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 1089 patients in the analysis cohort, 54% had normal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>, 28% were overweight, and 18% were obese. Baseline <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> was associated with developing an incident <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCD<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), but the relationship was nonlinear. Compared with a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> of 25\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> of 30\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> conferred a lower risk of an incident <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCD<\/jats:styled-content> diagnosis [adjusted hazard ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AHR<\/jats:styled-content>) 0.59; 95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) 0.40, 0.87]. This protective effect was attenuated at a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> of 35\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AHR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.78; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.49, 1.23). Results were similar in sensitivity analyses incorporating tobacco, alcohol and illicit drug use, statin and antihypertensive exposure, and virological suppression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overweight individuals starting <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content> have a lower risk of developing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCDs<\/jats:styled-content> compared with normal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> individuals, which may reflect a biological effect of adipose tissue or differences in patient or provider behaviours.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,18]],"date-time":"2014-09-18T03:37:33Z","timestamp":1411011453000},"page":"67-72","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Body mass index and the risk of incident noncommunicable diseases after starting antiretroviral therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"JR","family":"Koethe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases Vanderbilt University School of Medicine  Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CA","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Vanderbilt University School of Medicine  Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases Vanderbilt University School of Medicine  Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Bebawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases Vanderbilt University School of Medicine  Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BE","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Vanderbilt University School of Medicine  Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CW","family":"Wester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases Vanderbilt University School of Medicine  Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TR","family":"Sterling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases Vanderbilt University School of Medicine  Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"557","article-title":"A tale of 2 epidemics: the intersection between obesity and HIV infection in Philadelphia","volume":"39","author":"Amorosa V","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.500"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3282efad32"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0633"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.113905"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2004.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1000367"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60318-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1104119"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI).The evidence report: clinical guidelines on the identification evaluation and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. Bethesda MD. NIH Publication No. 98\u20104083 1998."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3462-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1075"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2013.0016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2009.0175"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/375889"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1741826711398431"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd10.120083"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit324"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/648728"}],"container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fhiv.12178","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hiv.12178","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T04:34:57Z","timestamp":1696221297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/hiv.12178"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,17]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/hiv.12178"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hiv.12178","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1464-2662","1468-1293"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1464-2662","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-1293","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,17]]}}}