{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:38:28Z","timestamp":1791920308303,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,14]],"date-time":"2015-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"Objectives<\/jats:title>Individuals with HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection often have early waning of protective antibody following hepatitis B<\/jats:styled-content> virus (HBV<\/jats:styled-content>) vaccination. HIV<\/jats:styled-content> viraemia at the time of vaccination may limit the durability of serum anti\u2010HBV<\/jats:styled-content> surface antibody (HB<\/jats:styled-content>sA<\/jats:styled-content>b) levels. We investigated the relationship of HIV<\/jats:styled-content> plasma viral load (VL<\/jats:styled-content>) and duration of HB<\/jats:styled-content>sA<\/jats:styled-content>b among vaccinees enrolled in the US M<\/jats:styled-content>ilitary HIV N<\/jats:styled-content>atural H<\/jats:styled-content>istory S<\/jats:styled-content>tudy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>We included in the study participants who had no history of prior HBV<\/jats:styled-content> infection, who had received all HBV<\/jats:styled-content> vaccine doses after HIV<\/jats:styled-content> diagnosis, and who had demonstrated an initial vaccine response, defined as HB<\/jats:styled-content>sA<\/jats:styled-content>b \u2265\u200910\u2009IU<\/jats:styled-content>\/L. Responders were retrospectively followed with serial HBV<\/jats:styled-content> serology from the time of the last vaccine dose until the development of waning (HB<\/jats:styled-content>sA<\/jats:styled-content>b <\u200910\u2009IU<\/jats:styled-content>\/L) or the last HB<\/jats:styled-content>sA<\/jats:styled-content>b measurement. Time to and risk for waning were evaluated with K<\/jats:styled-content>aplan\u2212M<\/jats:styled-content>eier survival methods and C<\/jats:styled-content>ox proportional hazards models, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>A total of 186 initial vaccine responders were identified. During 570 person\u2010years of observation, HB<\/jats:styled-content>sA<\/jats:styled-content>b waned in 52 of 186 participants (28%). The cumulative proportion maintaining HB<\/jats:styled-content>sA<\/jats:styled-content>b \u2265\u200910\u2009IU<\/jats:styled-content>\/L was 83% at 2 years and 56% at 5 years. Participants with an undetectable VL<\/jats:styled-content> [hazard ratio (HR<\/jats:styled-content>) 0.37; 95% confidence interval (CI<\/jats:styled-content>) 0.18\u20130.76] or with detectable VL<\/jats:styled-content> of \u2264\u200910\u2009000 copies\/mL (HR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.46; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.21\u20131.00) had reduced risk of waning. Other factors including age, number of vaccine doses, CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 count, and receipt of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART<\/jats:styled-content>) were not significantly associated with risk of waning HB<\/jats:styled-content>sA<\/jats:styled-content>b.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Undetectable or low HIV VL<\/jats:styled-content> at the time of HBV<\/jats:styled-content> vaccination is associated with greater durability of vaccine response in patients with HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,14]],"date-time":"2015-01-14T17:03:18Z","timestamp":1421254998000},"page":"161-167","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["HIV<\/scp> viraemia during hepatitis B<\/scp> vaccination shortens the duration of protective antibody 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