{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:33:58Z","timestamp":1790645638343,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,6]],"date-time":"2015-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1423180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"Objectives<\/jats:title>Outbreaks of shigellosis have been documented in men who have sex with men (MSM<\/jats:styled-content>), associated with interpersonal transmission and underlying HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection. We observed a rise in S<\/jats:styled-content>higella flexneri<\/jats:italic> isolates identified in a downtown tertiary\u2010care hospital laboratory located within the city centre community health area (CHA<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101) of V<\/jats:styled-content>ancouver, C<\/jats:styled-content>anada. The objectives of this study were to evaluate clinical outcomes of shigellosis cases among MSM admitted to hospital and to evaluate trends in Shigella<\/jats:italic> cases within Vancouver, Canada.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Adult rates of shigellosis were analysed by gender and health region, from 2005 to 2011, followed by retrospective chart review of all hospital laboratory\u2010identified S<\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009flexneri<\/jats:italic> cases from 2008 to 2012. Serotyping and pulsed\u2010field gel electrophoresis (PFGE<\/jats:styled-content>) were performed on these isolates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Although shigellosis rates in men within CHA<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 did not change from 2005 to 2011 (range 33.4\u201368.5 per 100\u2009000; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.74), they were significantly higher than in other regions within the city of V<\/jats:styled-content>ancouver (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.001) and the province of B<\/jats:styled-content>ritish C<\/jats:styled-content>olumbia (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.001). S<\/jats:styled-content>higella flexneri<\/jats:italic> rates in men within CHA<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 increased significantly (range 2.3\u201351.4 per 100\u2009000; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.001), starting in 2008, and were higher than in other regions within Vancouver (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.01). Seventy\u2010nine isolates of S<\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009flexneri<\/jats:italic> from 72 patients were identified by a single hospital laboratory. All patients were male and predominantly MSM<\/jats:styled-content> (91.7%) and HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected (86.1%), with most (92.6%) demonstrating CD4<\/jats:styled-content> counts \u2265\u2009200 cells\/\u03bcL. In total, 38.0% required hospitalization. Most (87.3%) had S<\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009flexneri<\/jats:italic> serotype 1 infection, with 72.9% of these representing a single PFGE<\/jats:styled-content> pattern.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>We identified high levels of transmission of a primarily clonal strain of S<\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009flexneri<\/jats:italic> serotype 1 in our local MSM<\/jats:styled-content> population, resulting in a substantial burden of illness and health care resource use secondary to hospital admissions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,6]],"date-time":"2015-02-06T06:52:40Z","timestamp":1423205560000},"page":"168-175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["S<\/scp>higella flexneri<\/i> serotype 1 infections in men who have sex with men in V<\/scp>ancouver, C<\/scp>anada"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Wilmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MG","family":"Romney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Division of Medical Microbiology St. Paul's Hospital Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Gustafson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communicable Disease Control Vancouver Coastal Health Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Sandhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Surveillance Unit Vancouver Coastal Health Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Surveillance Unit Vancouver Coastal Health Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Public Health Microbiology & Reference Laboratory Division of Mycology and Bacteriology Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"},{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Public Health Microbiology & Reference Laboratory Division of Mycology and Bacteriology Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Champagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Division of Medical Microbiology St. Paul's Hospital Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MW","family":"Hull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"},{"name":"BC Centre for Excellence in HIV\/AIDS Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"295","volume-title":"Yellow Book","author":"Bowen A","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/159.6.1126"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"348","article-title":"Shigellosis. another sexually transmitted disease?","volume":"52","author":"Drusin LM","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br J Vener Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197411282912223"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-197707000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.78.11.1432"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0506.990614"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/510593"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200002180-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"BC Centre for Disease Control.BC shigellosis follow\u2010up form. 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