{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T06:12:27Z","timestamp":1696313547512},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,12]],"date-time":"2014-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"DZIF TTU04.802 HIV"},{"name":"KFO 250 Autoimmunit\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdt"},{"name":"MSD research grant HIV"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculous infections and nontuberculous mycobacterial (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NTM<\/jats:styled-content>) infections is difficult because the symptoms are nonspecific and suitable specimens for bacterial culture are often not available. Recent publications reported the existence of autoantibodies in tuberculous infections. We screened for specific autoantibodies in mycobacterial infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We screened four in 29 patients with active mycobacterial infections and different controls using protein array technology. We could identify autoantibodies against ubiquitin\u2010fold modifier\u2010conjugating enzyme 1 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">U<\/jats:styled-content>fc1) and pleckstrin homology domain containing, family <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content> (with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>ho<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>ef domain) member 2 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>lekhg2) in all four patients. Subsequently, we designed enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assays (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISAs<\/jats:styled-content>) for the detection of autoantibodies binding to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">U<\/jats:styled-content>fc1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>lekhg2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autoantibodies binding to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">U<\/jats:styled-content>fc1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>lekhg2 were found in 19 of 29 patients (66%) with active mycobacterial infections. In comparison, we found these autoantibodies in one of 31 patients (3%) with successfully treated mycobacterial infections, in three of 40 (8%) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients not receiving combination antiretorviral therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cART<\/jats:styled-content>) and in six of 134 (5%) blood donors. Interestingly, six of eight (75%) patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010associated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cell non\u2010Hodgkin lymphoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHL<\/jats:styled-content>) at the onset of disease had autoantibodies against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">U<\/jats:styled-content>fc1 and Plekhg2, but none of nine (0%) patients after treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010associated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHL<\/jats:styled-content>, none of seven patients with non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010associated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHL<\/jats:styled-content> and 11 of 115 (10%) patients with other malignant diseases had autoantibodies against both proteins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In view of the high frequency of these autoantibodies, we postulate that they might be of potential use for additional diagnostics for mycobacterial infections, and further studies may shed light on the pathomechanisms of these two autoantibodies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,12]],"date-time":"2014-09-12T09:11:20Z","timestamp":1410513080000},"page":"114-121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Autoantibodies binding to ubiquitin\u2010fold modifier\u2010conjugating enzyme 1 (<scp>U<\/scp>fc1) and pleckstrin homology domain containing, family <scp>G<\/scp> (with <scp>R<\/scp>ho<scp>G<\/scp>ef domain) member 2 (<scp>P<\/scp>lekhg2) are associated with mycobacterial infections"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Tellermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology Medical University Hannover  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Witte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology Medical University Hannover  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Lansche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology Medical University Hannover  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Stoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology Medical University Hannover  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"RE","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology Medical University Hannover  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"NT","family":"Baerlecken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology Medical University Hannover  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1200894"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201203-0494UP"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"Global tuberculosis report.2012. 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