{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T22:52:54Z","timestamp":1790031174076,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,25]],"date-time":"2015-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UM1-AI068641"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1-AI068641"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000098","name":"NIH Clinical Center","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000098","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disorders"},{"name":"French Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA et les H\u00e9patites Virales (ANRS)"},{"name":"German Ministry of Education and Research"},{"name":"European AIDS Treatment Network (NEAT)"},{"name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"UK Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute for Heath Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"Objectives<\/jats:title>A small subset of HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive adults have low HIV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> in the absence of therapy, sometimes for years. Clinical factors associated with low HIV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> in early infection have not been well defined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>We assessed factors associated with low plasma HIV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> level at study entry in the S<\/jats:styled-content>trategic T<\/jats:styled-content>iming of AntiRetroviral T<\/jats:styled-content>reatment (START<\/jats:styled-content>) trial. All START<\/jats:styled-content> participants had a baseline HIV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> assessment within 60 days prior to randomization. The key covariables considered for this analysis were race, and hepatitis B<\/jats:styled-content> virus (HBV<\/jats:styled-content>) and hepatitis C<\/jats:styled-content> virus (HCV<\/jats:styled-content>) status. We assessed factors associated with HIV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> \u2264\u200950 and \u2264\u2009400 HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 RNA<\/jats:styled-content> copies\/mL using logistic regression. Because of the strong association between region of randomization and baseline low HIV RNA<\/jats:styled-content>, analyses were stratified by region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>We found that, of 4676 eligible participants randomized in START<\/jats:styled-content> with a baseline HIV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> assessment, 113 (2.4%) had HIV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> \u2264\u200950\u2009copies\/mL at baseline, and a further 257 (5.5%) between 51 and 400\u2009copies\/mL. We found that HIV<\/jats:styled-content> exposure routes other than male homosexual contact, higher high\u2010density lipoprotein (HDL<\/jats:styled-content>) cholesterol levels, higher CD4<\/jats:styled-content> cell counts, and higher CD4<\/jats:styled-content>:CD8<\/jats:styled-content> ratio were associated with increased odds of low HIV RNA<\/jats:styled-content>. HCV<\/jats:styled-content> antibody positivity was borderline statistically significantly associated with low HIV RNA<\/jats:styled-content>. Race and HBV<\/jats:styled-content> surface antigen positivity were not significantly associated with low HIV RNA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>In a modern cohort of individuals with early untreated HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection, we found that HIV<\/jats:styled-content> exposure routes other than male homosexual contact and higher HDL<\/jats:styled-content> cholesterol were associated with increased odds of low HIV RNA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,25]],"date-time":"2015-02-25T09:55:37Z","timestamp":1424858137000},"page":"37-45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Clinical and demographic factors associated with low viral load in early untreated HIV<\/scp> infection in the INSIGHT S<\/scp>trategic T<\/scp>iming of AntiRetroviral T<\/scp>reatment (START<\/scp>) trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"MG","family":"Law","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute University of New South Wales Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Achhra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute University of New South Wales Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SG","family":"Deeks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of California at San Francisco San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Gazzard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chelsea and Westminster Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SA","family":"Migueles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\u2010Specific Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RM","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Ristola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"International Network for Strategic Initiatives in Global HIV Trials (INSIGHT) START Study 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