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Little is known about the prevalence of CKD<\/jats:styled-content> in individuals with high CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 cell counts prior to initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART<\/jats:styled-content>). We sought to address this knowledge gap.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>We describe the prevalence of CKD<\/jats:styled-content> among 4637 ART<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010na\u00efve adults (mean age 36.8 years) with CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 cell counts >\u2009500 cells\/\u03bcL at enrolment in the S<\/jats:styled-content>trategic T<\/jats:styled-content>iming of A<\/jats:styled-content>ntiR<\/jats:styled-content>etroviral T<\/jats:styled-content>reatment (START<\/jats:styled-content>) study. CKD<\/jats:styled-content> was defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR<\/jats:styled-content>) <\u200960\u2009mL\/min\/1.73\u2009m2<\/jats:sup> and\/or dipstick urine protein \u2265\u20091+. Logistic regression was used to identify baseline characteristics associated with CKD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Among 286 [6.2%; 95% confidence interval (CI<\/jats:styled-content>) 5.5%, 6.9%] participants with CKD<\/jats:styled-content>, the majority had isolated proteinuria. A<\/jats:styled-content> total of 268 participants had urine protein \u2265\u20091+, including 41 with urine protein \u2265\u20092+. Only 22 participants (0.5%) had an estimated glomerular filtration rate <\u200960\u2009mL\/min\/1.73\u2009m2<\/jats:sup>, including four who also had proteinuria. Baseline characteristics independently associated with CKD<\/jats:styled-content> included diabetes [adjusted odds ratio (aOR<\/jats:styled-content>) 1.73; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.05, 2.85], hypertension (aOR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.82; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.38, 2.38), and race\/ethnicity (aOR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.59; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.37, 0.93 for H<\/jats:styled-content>ispanic vs.<\/jats:italic> white).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>We observed a low prevalence of CKD<\/jats:styled-content> associated with traditional CKD<\/jats:styled-content> risk factors among ART<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010na\u00efve clinical trial participants with CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 cell counts >\u2009500 cells\/\u03bcL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,25]],"date-time":"2015-02-25T09:55:37Z","timestamp":1424858137000},"page":"55-63","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Kidney disease in antiretroviral\u2010na\u00efve HIV<\/scp>\u2010positive adults with high CD<\/scp>4 counts: prevalence and predictors of kidney disease at enrolment in the INSIGHT S<\/scp>trategic T<\/scp>iming of A<\/scp>ntiR<\/scp>etroviral T<\/scp>reatment (START<\/scp>) trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"AC","family":"Achhra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kirby Institute University of New South Wales Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Mocroft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Infection and Population Health University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MJ","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Nephrology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Ryom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen HIV Programme Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 2100, Finsencentret Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"GM","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Disease Johns Hopkins Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Furrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Bern University Hospital and University of Bern Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Neuhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics University of Minnesota School of Public Health Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Somboonwit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine University of South Florida Tampa FL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine John Hunter Hospital Newcastle Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JM","family":"Gatell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Institute of Medicine and Dermatology Infectious Diseases & AIDS Units Hospital Clinic\/IDIBAPS University of Barcelona Barcelona 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