{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T18:36:40Z","timestamp":1762540600287,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,18]],"date-time":"2015-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1431907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001316","name":"Abbott","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Boehringer"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Glaxo-Smith-Kline"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004334","name":"Merck","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004334","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Tibotec"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"Objectives<\/jats:title>Inversion of the CD4:CD8<\/jats:styled-content> ratio is a marker of immune activation and age\u2010associated disease. We measured the CD4:CD8<\/jats:styled-content> ratio as a marker of cognitive impairment in HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients and explored differences according to clinical severity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Post hoc analysis of data from two prospective cohorts of HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients randomly selected to undergo neuropsychological tests was performed. Test scores were adjusted for age, gender and education. Inclusion criteria were undetectable viral load and stable treatment for at least 6 months. Subjects with HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010associated dementia were excluded. Patients were divided into an unimpaired group, a group with asymptomatic neurocognitive disorder (ANI<\/jats:styled-content>) and a group with symptomatic HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010associated neurocognitive disorder (sHAND<\/jats:styled-content>), represented by mild neurocognitive disorder (MND<\/jats:styled-content>). Demographic and background parameters, immune activation markers and the CD4:CD8<\/jats:styled-content> ratio were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Two hundred patients were included in the study. The mean age was 52 years, 78% were male, the mean CD4<\/jats:styled-content> count was 624\u2009cells\/\u03bcL, the mean nadir CD4<\/jats:styled-content> count was 240\u2009cells\/\u03bcL, 27% were hepatitis C<\/jats:styled-content> virus (HCV<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010coinfected, the mean duration of HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection was 16 years, and the mean time on current combination antiretroviral therapy (cART<\/jats:styled-content>) was 2.9 years. Twenty\u2010nine per cent of subjects had HAND<\/jats:styled-content> (21% had ANI<\/jats:styled-content> and 8% had MND<\/jats:styled-content>). In multivariate analysis, a CD4:CD8<\/jats:styled-content> ratio\u2009<\u20091 was associated with a nadir CD4<\/jats:styled-content> count\u2009<\u2009200\u2009cells\/\u03bcL [odds ratio (OR<\/jats:styled-content>) 3.68] and with the presence of CD4+<\/jats:sup>CD38+<\/jats:sup>HLA+<\/jats:sup><\/jats:styled-content> cells (OR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.23). Multinominal logistic regression showed that, in comparison with the unimpaired group, diagnosis of sHAND<\/jats:styled-content> was associated with a CD4:CD8<\/jats:styled-content> ratio\u2009<\u20091 (OR<\/jats:styled-content> 10.62), longer HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection (OR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.15) and longer current cART<\/jats:styled-content> (OR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.34), while the ANI<\/jats:styled-content> group differed from the unimpaired group only for education level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Aviraemic patients with sHAND<\/jats:styled-content> did not display the same pattern of immune activation as subjects with ANI<\/jats:styled-content>, suggesting that the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms could be different.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,18]],"date-time":"2015-05-18T10:17:43Z","timestamp":1431944263000},"page":"431-440","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Virologically suppressed patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV<\/scp>\u2010associated neurocognitive disorders do not display the same pattern of immune activation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Vassallo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases L'Archet Hospital University of Nice Nice France"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Cannes General Hospital Cannes France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Durant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases L'Archet Hospital University of Nice Nice France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Lebrun\u2010Frenay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Pasteur Hospital University of Nice Nice France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Fabre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health L'Archet Hospital University of Nice Nice France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Ticchioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Laboratory Unit L'Archet Hospital University of Nice Nice France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases L'Archet Hospital University of Nice Nice France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"DeSalvador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases L'Archet Hospital University of Nice Nice France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Harvey\u2010Langton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases L'Archet Hospital University of Nice Nice France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Dunais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases L'Archet Hospital University of Nice Nice France"},{"name":"Department of Public Health L'Archet Hospital University of Nice Nice France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Cohen\u2010Codar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AbbVie Laboratoiries Rungis France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Montagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Cannes General Hospital Cannes France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Cua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases L'Archet Hospital University of Nice Nice France"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Cannes General Hospital Cannes France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Fredouille\u2010Heripret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Cannes General Hospital Cannes France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Laffon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Pasteur Hospital University of Nice Nice 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Perez\u2010ElisMJ DrondaFet\u2009al.The CD4\/CD8 ratio identifies treated HIV\u2010infected subjects at increased risk of cardiovascular events and non\u2010AIDS neoplasias. 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