{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:52:08Z","timestamp":1787014328489,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,6]],"date-time":"2015-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical impact of including lateral spine\n X<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010ray in the screening of bone diseases in\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010positive patients.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 194\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010positive patients underwent dual\u2010energy\n X<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010ray absorptiometry (\n DEXA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), lateral spine\n X<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010ray and bone biochemical analysis. Vertebral fractures were identified using a morphometric analysis of\n X<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010rays and classified using the semiquantitative scoring system of\n G<\/jats:styled-content>\n enant\n et\u2009al<\/jats:italic>\n . For each patient, a spine deformity index (\n SDI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) score was calculated by summing the grades of vertebral deformities. Reductions in vertebral body height of >\u200925% were considered vertebral fractures, and those <\u200925% were considered vertebral deformities. Risk factors associated with vertebral fractures were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Vertebral fractures were detected in 24 patients (12.4%) and vertebral deformities in 17 patients (8.7%); 153 patients (78.9%) did not show any vertebral deformity. Among patients with fractures, only two with\n SDI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009>\u200910 reported lumbar pain; the remaining were asymptomatic. Patients over 50 years old showed a higher prevalence of vertebral fracture [24.4% versus 11.8% in patients 41\u201350 years old (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.05) and 1.9% in patients\u2009\u2264\u200940 years old (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.04)]. No significant increase in the prevalence according to bone mineral density (\n BMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) reduction was observed, and 70% of fractures were diagnosed in nonosteoporotic patients. Older age [adjusted odds ratio 1.09; 95% confidence interval (\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) 1.03\u20131.13;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.001] and steroid use (adjusted odds ratio 3.64; 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.29\u201310.3;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.01) were independently associated with vertebral fracture; no association was found with\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010 or highly active antiretroviral therapy (\n HAART<\/jats:styled-content>\n )\u2010related variables.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n A prevalence of vertebral fractures of 12.4% was observed in our\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010positive cohort. Given that two\u2010thirds of fractures occurred in nonosteoporotic patients, spine\n X<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010ray may be considered in patients at increased risk, irrespective of\n BMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ; that is, in elderly patients and\/or patients using steroids.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,6]],"date-time":"2015-05-06T02:46:03Z","timestamp":1430880363000},"page":"563-571","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Assessment of radiological vertebral fractures in\n HIV<\/scp>\n \u2010infected patients: clinical implications and predictive factors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"L","family":"Gazzola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Clinic of Infectious Diseases \u2018San Paolo\u2019 Hospital University of Milan Milan 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