{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T11:19:52Z","timestamp":1778584792085,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,3]],"date-time":"2015-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOP\u201079529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP\u201079529"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002879","name":"Canadian HIV Trials Network, Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTN222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTN222"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002879","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Opioid use and opioid\u2010related mortality have increased dramatically since the 1990s in North America. The effect of opioids on the liver is incompletely understood. Some studies have suggested that opioids cause liver damage and others have failed to show any harm.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\/hepatitis<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010coinfected persons may be particularly vulnerable to factors increasing liver fibrosis. We aimed to describe opioid use in an<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010coinfected population in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>anada and to estimate the association between opioid use and liver fibrosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a cross\u2010sectional descriptive analysis of the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>anadian<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>o\u2010infection<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>ohort<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>tudy data to characterize opioid use. We then conducted a longitudinal analysis to assess the average change in aspartate aminotransferase\u2010to\u2010platelet ratio index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APRI<\/jats:styled-content>) score associated with opioid use using a generalized estimating equation with linear regression. We assessed the progression to significant liver fibrosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APRI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009\u2265\u20091.5) associated with opioid use with pooled logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the 6 months preceding cohort entry, 32% of the participants had received an opioid prescription, 28% had used opioids illicitly and 18% had both received a prescription and used opioids illicitly. Neither prescribed nor illicit opioid use was associated with a change in the median<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APRI<\/jats:styled-content>score [exp(\u03b2) 0.99 (95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) 0.82, 1.12) and exp(\u03b2) 0.95 (95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>0.81, 1.10), respectively] or with faster progression to liver fibrosis [hazard odds ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HOR<\/jats:styled-content>) 1.20 (95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>0.73, 1.67) and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HOR<\/jats:styled-content>1.09 (95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>0.63, 1.55), respectively].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although opioids were commonly used both legally and illegally in our cohort, we were unable to demonstrate a negative impact on liver fibrosis progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,3]],"date-time":"2015-07-03T18:04:06Z","timestamp":1435946646000},"page":"36-45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Opioid use and risk of liver fibrosis in<scp>HIV<\/scp>\/hepatitis<scp>C<\/scp>virus\u2010coinfected patients in<scp>C<\/scp>anada"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"L","family":"Brunet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"EEM","family":"Moodie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health McGill University Montreal Quebec 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