{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T01:57:52Z","timestamp":1789437472273,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]],"date-time":"2015-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sparkasse G\u00f6ttingen and Evangelisches Krankenhaus G\u00f6ttingen-Weende"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection affects the central nervous system (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNS<\/jats:styled-content>), frequently causing cognitive impairment. Hippocampal injury impedes the ability to transfer information into memory. Therefore, we aimed to examine neuronal injury and repair in the hippocampal formation in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> encephalopathy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We compared neuropathological findings in 14 autopsy cases after death from systemic complications of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection and in 15 age\u2010matched <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010negative control cases after sudden death from nonneurological causes using immunohistochemistry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The density of apoptotic granule cells in the dentate gyrus was higher in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected than in control cases (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.048). Proliferation of neural progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus was increased in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028), whereas the density of recently generated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TUC<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104 [TOAD (turned on after division)\/Ulip\/CRMP family 4]\u2010expressing neurons in this region was not significantly elevated in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected cases (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.13). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection caused microglial activation and astrocytosis in the neocortex and hippocampal formation. Conversely, we were unable to detect more pronounced axonal injury in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected than in control cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>As in other infections involving the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNS<\/jats:styled-content>, apoptosis of hippocampal neurons accompanied by microglial activation and astrocytosis is a prominent feature of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> encephalopathy. The regenerative potential, assessed using the density of young neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection appears to be lower than in acute bacterial meningitis and septic encephalitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]],"date-time":"2015-07-14T23:13:31Z","timestamp":1436915611000},"page":"143-151","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["<scp>HIV<\/scp> encephalopathy: glial activation and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis, but limited neural repair"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"SC","family":"Tauber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology RWTH University Hospital  Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O","family":"Staszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuropathology University Medical 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