{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T14:03:06Z","timestamp":1781704986456,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,7]],"date-time":"2015-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"Objectives<\/jats:title>Arab men who have sex with men (AMSM<\/jats:styled-content>) are becoming visible in society, and reports of HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection and sexually transmitted infections (STIs<\/jats:styled-content>) are emerging. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of AMSM<\/jats:styled-content> regarding HIV<\/jats:styled-content> transmission, their attitudes towards condom use and their sexual practices compared with Jewish MSM<\/jats:styled-content> (JMSM<\/jats:styled-content>), and to evaluate AMSM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013JMSM<\/jats:styled-content> friendships and sexual encounters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Participants in this cross\u2010sectional study completed questionnaires in A<\/jats:styled-content>rabic or H<\/jats:styled-content>ebrew. The outcome variable was unprotected anal sex (UAI<\/jats:styled-content>) in the previous 6 months with a partner(s) whose HIV<\/jats:styled-content> status was discordant or unknown. AMSM<\/jats:styled-content> and JMSM<\/jats:styled-content> indicated if they had friends or sexual encounters from the other ethnic group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The questionnaires were completed by 342 (16.2%) AMSM<\/jats:styled-content> and 1775 (83.8%) JMSM<\/jats:styled-content> in 2012. AMSM<\/jats:styled-content> were more likely to be religious, \u2018closeted\u2019 and married than JMSM<\/jats:styled-content>; their knowledge regarding HIV<\/jats:styled-content> transmission was inferior and attitudes towards condom use were less favourable. AMSM<\/jats:styled-content> reported less alcohol and drug use than JMSM<\/jats:styled-content>, were more likely to be attracted to and have sex with women, and reported a greater number of sexual partners and more UAI<\/jats:styled-content>. Being AMSM<\/jats:styled-content> was a predictive variable for UAI<\/jats:styled-content> in the multivariate model. While 178 AMSM<\/jats:styled-content> (52.0%) reported that most of their close friends were JMSM<\/jats:styled-content>, 251 (73.4%) had only\/mostly sexual encounters with JMSM<\/jats:styled-content>. Among JMSM<\/jats:styled-content>, 41 (2.3%) reported that their close friends were AMSM<\/jats:styled-content>, and 308 (17.3%) had only\/mostly sexual encounters with AMSM<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>The knowledge of AMSM<\/jats:styled-content> regarding HIV<\/jats:styled-content> transmission and their attitudes towards condom use were less favourable than those of JMSM<\/jats:styled-content>, and they performed more UAI<\/jats:styled-content>. AMSM<\/jats:styled-content> may benefit from targeted interventions, including reconciling their same\u2010sex attraction in positive terms. Same\u2010sex attraction and gay identity may provide common ground to strengthen A<\/jats:styled-content>rab\u2013J<\/jats:styled-content>ew communication in I<\/jats:styled-content>srael.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,8]],"date-time":"2015-09-08T02:32:50Z","timestamp":1441679570000},"page":"298-304","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Arab men who have sex with men in I<\/scp>srael: knowledge, attitudes and sexual practices"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Z","family":"Mor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis and AIDS Ministry of Health Jerusalem Israel"},{"name":"Ramla Department of Health Ministry of Health Ramla Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Grayeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone Marrow Transplantation Department Hadassah Medical Centre Jerusalem Israel"},{"name":"Al\u2010Qaws for Sexual and Gender Diversity in the Palestinian Society Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Beany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine C Bnai Zion Medical Centre Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2012.638551"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13691050412331321294"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"The Times.Egyptians Arrested Over Gay Wedding Video.2014. Available athttp:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/tto\/news\/world\/middleeast\/article4199443.ece(accessed 10 October 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"Statistical Abstract of Israel 2011 \u2013 No 62.Central Bureau of Statistics Jerusalem Israel.2011. Available athttp:\/\/www.cbs.gov.il\/reader\/shnatonenew_site.htm(accessed 10 October 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-008-9330-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000386733.02425.98"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"alQaws for Sexual & Gender Diversity in Palestinian Society.2015. Available athttp:\/\/www.alqaws.org\/about\u2010us"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-2-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"e1000444","article-title":"Are HIV epidemics among men who have sex with men emerging in the middle east and north Africa? A systematic review and data analysis","volume":"8","author":"Mumtaz G","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102013\u2010003078"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"147","article-title":"Risk behavior and sexually transmitted diseases in gay and heterosexual men attending an STD clinic in Tel Aviv, Israel: a cross sectional study","volume":"14","author":"Mor Z","year":"2012","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","volume-title":"Ethnic Minority Gay Men: Redefining Community, Restoring Identity","author":"Keogh P","year":"2004"}],"container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fhiv.12301","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hiv.12301","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T11:04:50Z","timestamp":1696331090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/hiv.12301"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,7]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/hiv.12301"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hiv.12301","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1464-2662","1468-1293"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1464-2662","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-1293","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,7]]}}}