{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T16:23:37Z","timestamp":1772814217123,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,19]],"date-time":"2016-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"Objectives<\/jats:title>The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics associated with current smoking in an Asian HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive cohort, to calculate the predictive risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD<\/jats:styled-content>), coronary heart disease (CHD<\/jats:styled-content>) and myocardial infarction (MI<\/jats:styled-content>), and to identify the impact that simulated interventions may have.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Logistic regression analysis was used to distinguish associated current smoking characteristics. Five\u2010year predictive risks of CVD<\/jats:styled-content>, CHD<\/jats:styled-content> and MI<\/jats:styled-content> and the impact of simulated interventions were calculated utilizing the Data Collection on Adverse Effects of Anti\u2010HIV<\/jats:styled-content> Drugs Study (D:A:D) algorithm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Smoking status data were collected from 4274 participants and 1496 of these had sufficient data for simulated intervention calculations. Current smoking prevalence in these two groups was similar (23.2% vs<\/jats:italic>. 19.9%, respectively). Characteristics associated with current smoking included age >\u00a0<\/jats:styled-content>50\u00a0years compared with 30\u201339\u00a0years [odds ratio (OR<\/jats:styled-content>) 0.65; 95% confidence interval (CI<\/jats:styled-content>) 0.51\u20130.83], HIV<\/jats:styled-content> exposure through injecting drug use compared with heterosexual exposure (OR<\/jats:styled-content> 3.03; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 2.25\u20134.07), and receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART<\/jats:styled-content>) at study sites in Singapore, South Korea, Malaysia, Japan and Vietnam in comparison to Thailand (all OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0>\u00a02). Women were less likely to smoke than men (OR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.11; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.08\u20130.14). In simulated interventions, smoking cessation demonstrated the greatest impact in reducing CVD<\/jats:styled-content> and CHD<\/jats:styled-content> risk and closely approximated the impact of switching from abacavir to an alternate antiretroviral in the reduction of 5\u2010year MI<\/jats:styled-content> risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Multiple interventions could reduce CVD<\/jats:styled-content>, CHD<\/jats:styled-content> and MI<\/jats:styled-content> risk in Asian HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive patients, with smoking cessation potentially being the most influential.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,19]],"date-time":"2016-07-19T11:11:12Z","timestamp":1468926672000},"page":"542-549","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Smoking and projected cardiovascular risk in an HIV<\/scp>\u2010positive Asian regional 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