{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T12:20:52Z","timestamp":1776601252109,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,6]],"date-time":"2016-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies have shown that depression and other mental illnesses are under\u2010diagnosed among <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of mental health history and questionnaire\u2010based screening instruments to identify <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected individuals at risk of depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Beck Depression Inventory <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BDI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>) was used to assess the prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms among <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected individuals attending two out\u2010patient clinics in Denmark. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected individuals with a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BDI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> score \u2265 20 were offered a clinical evaluation by a consultant psychiatrist. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BDI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> score was compared to the outcome of mental health history review, and to results obtained using the European <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDS<\/jats:styled-content> Clinical Society (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EACS<\/jats:styled-content>) two\u2010item depression screening tool.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 501 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected individuals were included in the study. Symptoms of moderate\/major depression (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BDI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> score \u2265 20) were observed in 111 patients (22%); 65 of these patients consulted a psychiatrist, of whom 71% were diagnosed with a co\u2010existing disorder. The BDI\u2010II score was compared to the outcome of a mental health history review, and to results obtained using the European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS) two\u2010item depression screening tool. The two questions showed a sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 68%, respectively, for diagnosis of current depression or risk of depression. A previous psychiatric history and substance abuse were independently associated with an increased risk of depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We suggest that the mental health of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected individuals should be reviewed and a \u201crisk\u2010flag\u201d three\u2010step approach should be used (1) to screen routinely with the two verbal questions suggested by the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EACS<\/jats:styled-content>, (2) to identify whether there is a risk of depression and then screen with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BDI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>, and (3) to identify whether there is still a risk and then perform a full evaluation and obtain an accurate psychiatric diagnosis by a psychiatrist.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,17]],"date-time":"2016-05-17T13:12:41Z","timestamp":1463490761000},"page":"749-757","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Simple and practical screening approach to identify <scp>HIV<\/scp>\u2010infected individuals with depression or at risk of developing depression"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"L","family":"Rodkjaer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Gabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Laursen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Slot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Leutscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Holmskov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatric Diseases Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Sodemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-008-0025-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200528090-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181777a5f"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.8.721"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00273-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","volume-title":"The Psychiatry of AIDS. 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