{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:52:08Z","timestamp":1787014328641,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"UK Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["164587"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["164587"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n Transmission of drug\u2010resistant\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101 has decreased in the\n UK<\/jats:styled-content>\n since the early 2000s. This analysis reports recent trends and characteristics of transmitted drug resistance (\n TDR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) in the\n UK<\/jats:styled-content>\n from 2010 to 2013.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Resistance tests conducted in antiretroviral treatment (\n ART<\/jats:styled-content>\n )\u2010na\u00efve individuals between 2010 and 2013 were analysed for the presence of transmitted drug resistance mutations (\n TDRM<\/jats:styled-content>\n s), defined as any mutations from a modified 2009 World Health Organization surveillance list, or a modified 2013 International Antiviral Society\u2010\n USA<\/jats:styled-content>\n list for integrase tests. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between demographics and the prevalence of\n TDRM<\/jats:styled-content>\n s.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n TDRM<\/jats:styled-content>\n s were observed in 1223 (7.5%) of 16 425 individuals; prevalence declined from 8.1% in 2010 to 6.6% in 2013 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.02). The prevalence of\n TDRM<\/jats:styled-content>\n s was higher among men who have sex with men (\n MSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) compared with heterosexual men and women (8.7% versus 6.4%, respectively) with a trend for decreasing\n TDRM<\/jats:styled-content>\n s among\n MSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.008) driven by a reduction in nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (\n NRTI<\/jats:styled-content>\n )\u2010related mutations. The most frequently detected\n TDRM<\/jats:styled-content>\n s were K103N (2.2%), T215 revertants (1.6%), M41L (0.9%) and L90M (0.7%). Predicted phenotypic resistance to first\u2010line\n ART<\/jats:styled-content>\n was highest to the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (\n NNRTI<\/jats:styled-content>\n s) rilpivirine and efavirenz (6.2% and 3.4%, respectively) but minimal to\n NRTI<\/jats:styled-content>\n s, including tenofovir, and protease inhibitors (\n PI<\/jats:styled-content>\n s). No major integrase\n TDRM<\/jats:styled-content>\n s were detected among 101 individuals tested while\n ART<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010na\u00efve.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n We observed a decrease in\n TDRM<\/jats:styled-content>\n s in recent years. However, this was confined to the\n MSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n population and rates remained stable in those with heterosexually acquired\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n infection. Resistance to currently recommended first\u2010line\n ART<\/jats:styled-content>\n , including integrase inhibitors, remained reassuringly low.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,2]],"date-time":"2016-08-02T12:20:26Z","timestamp":1470140426000},"page":"204-213","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Recent trends and patterns in\n HIV<\/scp>\n \u20101 transmitted drug resistance in the United Kingdom"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Tostevin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Croxford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control (CIDSC) Public Health England London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Delpech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control (CIDSC) Public Health England London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mortimer Market Centre University College London Hospitals NHS Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Asboe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chelsea & Westminster Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Pozniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chelsea & Westminster Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Churchill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust Brighton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AM","family":"Geretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Liverpool Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Pillay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity University College London London UK"},{"name":"Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal Mtubatuba South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Sabin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Infection and Population Health University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Leigh\u2010Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England Birmingham Heartlands Hospital Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the UK HIV Drug Resistance Database","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"DollingD NM SchwenkA ChurchillD PillayD DunnD UK HIV Drug Resistance Database UK Collaborative HIV Cohort Study.Rapid increase in the frequency of wild\u2010type HIV\u20101 drug resistance reports among ART\u2010experienced patients in the UK. 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