{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T20:33:23Z","timestamp":1776890003293,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,5]],"date-time":"2016-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the study was to explore preparedness for the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> self\u2010test among men who have sex with men (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSM<\/jats:styled-content>) and those involved in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> prevention and care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A mixed methods exploratory research design was employed, detailing awareness and willingness to use the self\u2010test and the perceived barriers and facilitators to implementation. Quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis were completed in parallel. Descriptive and inferential analysis of cross\u2010sectional bar\u2010based survey data collected from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSM<\/jats:styled-content> through a self\u2010completed questionnaire and oral fluid specimen collection (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 999) was combined with qualitative, thematic, analysis of data collected through 12 expert focus groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 55) consisting of gay men, National Health Service (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHS<\/jats:styled-content>) staff, community organizations, entrepreneurs and activists. Findings were subsequently combined and assessed for synergies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSM<\/jats:styled-content>, self\u2010test awareness was moderate (55%). Greater awareness was associated with increased educational attainment [adjusted odds ratio 1.51; 95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) 1.00\u20132.30; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.05] and previous history of sexually transmitted infection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STI<\/jats:styled-content>) testing (adjusted odds ratio 1.63; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.11\u20132.39; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01). Willingness to use the test was high (89%) and associated with meeting sexual partners online (unadjusted odds ratio 1.96; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.31\u20132.94; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Experts highlighted the overall acceptability of self\u2010testing; it was understood as convenient, discreet, accessible, and with a low burden to services. However, some ambivalence towards self\u2010testing was reported; it could reduce opportunities to engage with wider services, wider health issues and the determinants of risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Self\u2010testing represents an opportunity to reduce barriers to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> testing and enhance prevention and access to care. Levels of awareness are moderate but willingness to use is high. Self\u2010testing may amplify health inequalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,5]],"date-time":"2016-08-05T08:47:49Z","timestamp":1470386869000},"page":"245-255","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Preparedness for use of the rapid result <scp>HIV<\/scp> self\u2010test by gay men and other men who have sex with men (<scp>MSM<\/scp>): a mixed methods exploratory study among <scp>MSM<\/scp> and those involved in <scp>HIV<\/scp> prevention and care"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"P","family":"Flowers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Life Sciences Glasgow Caledonian University Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Riddell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Life Sciences Glasgow Caledonian University Glasgow UK"},{"name":"MRC\/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Life Sciences Glasgow Caledonian University Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Frankis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Life Sciences Glasgow Caledonian University Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Sciences Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Epidemiology Unit Ontario HIV Treatment Network Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Estcourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Barts Sexual Health Centre Blizard Institute London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection Scotland Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"LM","family":"McDaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"HIV in the United Kingdom 2014 report: data to end 2013","author":"Yin Z","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2012.01041.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"Recommendations for Testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections in Men\u2010who have Sex\u2010with\u2010Men","author":"BASHH","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"NSWSPU.Australian sexually transmitted infection & HIV testing guidelines 2014 for asymptomatic men who have sex with men. 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