{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:44:35Z","timestamp":1787499875264,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,9]],"date-time":"2016-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010infected adults have heightened monocyte activation and inflammation, at least partially as a consequence of altered gut integrity. The role of dietary factors in microbial translocation and inflammation and their downstream effect on markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have not been explored. Our purpose was to describe the longitudinal dietary patterns of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010infected adults, and to examine the relationship between dietary intake, gut integrity, inflammation and subclinical markers of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010infected adults.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a secondary analysis of 147\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010infected participants in a 96\u2010week randomized clinical trial of rosuvastatin as primary\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      prevention. Dietary intake was assessed using dietary recall; plasma gut integrity, monocyte activation and inflammation markers were measured using an enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ); and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      risk was assessed using carotid ultrasound and the coronary artery calcium score. Linear mixed models were used to analyse longitudinally measured biomarkers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The median age was 45 years and 78% of patients were male. At baseline, participants consumed a mean (standard deviation) of 108 (70) g of fat daily, 19 (15.6) g of fibre, 266 (186) g of carbohydrates and 15.6 (5.9) g of protein; 45% of the sample consumed alcohol. Over time, alcohol consumption was associated with several markers of gut integrity and inflammation (all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010infected adults in a contemporary, high\u2010resource setting have poor dietary patterns. Alcohol use was associated with worse gut integrity and increased inflammation, while other aspects of diet (fibre, carbohydrates and fat) were not. These data add to growing evidence illustrating the need for a better understanding of the effect of lifestyle factors on comorbidities in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010infected adults.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,9]],"date-time":"2016-11-09T18:29:02Z","timestamp":1478716142000},"page":"402-411","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Alcohol and dietary factors associate with gut integrity and inflammation in\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    \u2010infected adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"AR","family":"Webel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA"},{"name":"Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Sattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"NT","family":"Funderburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Division of Medical Laboratory Science The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Kinley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital Cleveland OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CT","family":"Longenecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA"},{"name":"University Hospitals Harrington Heart &amp; Vascular Institute Cleveland OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Labbato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital Cleveland OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SM Khurshid","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GA","family":"McComsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA"},{"name":"Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital Cleveland OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"HIV infection and the risk of acute myocardial infarction","volume":"4","author":"Freiberg MS","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000419"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000065"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP2998","article-title":"The effect of physical activity on cardiometabolic health and inflammation in treated HIV infection","volume":"21","author":"Dirajlal\u2010Fargo S","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antivi Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jana.2014.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-012-0135-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/375887"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.4.790"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.11.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038121"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2848"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1511"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00050-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X13482996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuv004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni0111-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i11.1304"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/378131"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2008.00636.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2007.00534.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.473"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2016.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.012070"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","volume-title":"Analytic and reporting guidelines: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.1112"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.01.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20411\/pai.v1i1.124"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i42.5272"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu238"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001167"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.2016.1154108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture.2015 \u2013 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 8th Edition. 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