{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T12:45:57Z","timestamp":1789908357368,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,26]],"date-time":"2017-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003323","name":"Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hepatites Virales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transmitted drug resistance (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TDR<\/jats:styled-content>) can impair the response to first\u2010line antiretroviral therapy. In treatment\u2010na\u00efve patients chronically infected with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> type 1 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101), it was previously shown through Sanger sequencing that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TDR<\/jats:styled-content> was more common in men who have sex with men (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSM<\/jats:styled-content>) than in other transmission risk groups. We aimed to compare two <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 transmission groups in terms of the presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TDR<\/jats:styled-content> mutations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated, through Sanger sequencing and ultradeep sequencing (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UDS<\/jats:styled-content>), the presence of resistance mutations, both in majority (&gt; 20%) and in minority (1\u221220%) proportions, in 70 treatment\u2010na\u00efve <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSM<\/jats:styled-content> and 70 treatment\u2010na\u00efve heterosexual patients who recently screened positive for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The global prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TDR<\/jats:styled-content> was not significantly different between the two groups, either by Sanger or by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UDS<\/jats:styled-content>. Nevertheless, a higher frequency of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TDR<\/jats:styled-content> was observed among heterosexual patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04). There was also a trend for a higher frequency of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TDR<\/jats:styled-content> among <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSM<\/jats:styled-content> infected with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 subtype B compared with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSM<\/jats:styled-content> infected with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 non\u2010B subtypes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.06).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ultradeep sequencing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UDS<\/jats:styled-content> allowed sensitive monitoring of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TDR<\/jats:styled-content>, and highlighted some disparities between transmission groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,26]],"date-time":"2017-04-26T07:58:31Z","timestamp":1493193511000},"page":"696-700","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Disparities in <scp>HIV<\/scp>\u20101 transmitted drug resistance detected by ultradeep sequencing between men who have sex with men and heterosexual populations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"E","family":"Todesco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne University UPMC Univ Paris 06 INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136) Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Virology Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, AP\u2010HP Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Charpentier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137 Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9 Paris France"},{"name":"Univ Paris Diderot IAME, UMR 1137 Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Virology AP\u2010HP, Bichat\u2010Claude Bernard Hospital Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Bertine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137 Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9 Paris France"},{"name":"Univ Paris Diderot IAME, UMR 1137 Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Virology AP\u2010HP, Bichat\u2010Claude Bernard Hospital Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Wirden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne University UPMC Univ Paris 06 INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136) Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Virology Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, AP\u2010HP Paris 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