{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:03:59Z","timestamp":1792623839402,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate factors that predict speed of recovery and long\u2010term <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 cell count in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 seroconverters initiating combination antiretroviral therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cART<\/jats:styled-content>), and to quantify the influence of very early treatment initiation. We make use of all pre\u2010treatment <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 counts, because analyses using only a single observation at initiation may be subject to biases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used data from the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CASCADE<\/jats:styled-content> (Concerted Action on SeroConversion to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDS<\/jats:styled-content> and Death in Europe) multinational cohort collaboration of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 seroconverters. We analysed pre\u2010 and post\u2010treatment data of patients with seroconversion dates estimated January 2003\u2013March 2014 (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>7600 for primary analysis) using a statistical model in which the characteristics of recovery in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 counts are determined by multiple predictive factors. Secondary analyses were performed incorporating uncertainty in the exact timing of seroconversion to allow more precise estimation of the benefit of very early treatment initiation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>\u2018True\u2019 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 count at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cART<\/jats:styled-content> initiation was the strongest predictor of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 count beyond 3\u00a0years on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cART<\/jats:styled-content>. Allowing for lack of complete certainty in the date of seroconversion, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 recovery was more rapid for patients in whom treatment was initiated within 4\u00a0months. For a given <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 count, higher viral load (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VL<\/jats:styled-content>) at initiation was strongly associated with higher post\u2010treatment <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 recovery. For other patient and drug characteristics, associations with recovery were statistically significant but small in magnitude.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 count at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cART<\/jats:styled-content> initiation is the most important factor in predicting post\u2010treatment recovery, but <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VL<\/jats:styled-content> provides substantial additional information. If <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cART<\/jats:styled-content> is initiated in the first 4\u00a0months following seroconversion, recovery of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 counts appears to be more rapid.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T10:26:37Z","timestamp":1512123997000},"page":"184-194","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Predictors of <scp>CD<\/scp>4 cell recovery following initiation of antiretroviral therapy among <scp>HIV<\/scp>\u20101 positive patients with well\u2010estimated dates of seroconversion"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8705-3281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"OT","family":"Stirrup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Clinical Trials Unit University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AJ","family":"Copas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Clinical Trials Unit University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AN","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Infection &amp; Population Health University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MJ","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RB","family":"Geskus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Academic Medical Center (AMC) Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Public Health Service of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Touloumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics University Hospital Basel and University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HC","family":"Bucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics University Hospital Basel and University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AG","family":"Babiker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Clinical Trials Unit University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"CASCADE Collaboration in EuroCoord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31804d685b"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.18.2187"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/510746"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32833adbcf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2011.00929.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu271"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1506816"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1507198"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"ChurchillD WatersL AhmedNet\u00a0al.BHIVA guidelines for the treatment of HIV\u20101\u2010positive adults with antiretroviral therapy 2015.http:\/\/www.bhiva.org\/HIV-1-treatment-guidelines-2015.aspx(accessed 18 September 2017)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1508527"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/695852"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774512440342"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1110187"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/425075"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1293.2003.00156.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-016-0187-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","unstructured":"CASCADE: Participating cohorts.http:\/\/www.cascade-collaboration.org(accessed 9 August 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118763971"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6788"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10556788.2011.597854"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19981030)17:20<2381::AID-SIM926>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-0420.2010.01473.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/10-AOAS364"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9876.2005.00491.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI5863"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200305230-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283463ec5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000805"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200309050-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03232-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000514"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60084-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61170-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(15)00027-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31828ace69"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(16)30091-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Guideline on When to Start Antiretroviral Therapy and on Pre\u2010Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV(September 2015).http:\/\/www.who.int\/hiv\/pub\/guidelines\/earlyrelease-arv\/en\/(accessed 18 September 2017)."}],"container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fhiv.12567","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hiv.12567","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T23:50:48Z","timestamp":1695513048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/hiv.12567"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/hiv.12567"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hiv.12567","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1464-2662","1468-1293"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1464-2662","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-1293","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}}}