{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T19:00:03Z","timestamp":1793991603085,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,24]],"date-time":"2018-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000762","name":"Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000762","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000761","name":"Imperial College London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000276","name":"Department of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n The incidence of sexually transmitted infections (\n STI<\/jats:styled-content>\n s) and\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n infection remains high in gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (\n MSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) in the\n UK<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and sexualized drug use (\u201cchemsex\u201d) and injecting drug use (\u201cslamsex\u201d) may play a part in this. We aimed to characterize\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010positive\n MSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n engaging in chemsex\/slamsex and to assess the associations with self\u2010reported\n STI<\/jats:styled-content>\n diagnoses and sexual behaviours.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Data from a 2014 survey of people attending\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n clinics in England and Wales were linked to clinical data from national\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n surveillance records and weighted to be nationally representative. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the associations of chemsex and slamsex with self\u2010reported unprotected anal intercourse (\n UAI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), serodiscordant\n UAI<\/jats:styled-content>\n (sd\n UAI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) (i.e.\n UAI<\/jats:styled-content>\n with an\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010negative or unknown\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n status partner), sd\n UAI<\/jats:styled-content>\n with a detectable viral load (>50\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\n RNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n copies\/\n mL<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), hepatitis C, and bacterial\n STI<\/jats:styled-content>\n s.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n In the previous year, 29.5% of 392 sexually active participants engaged in chemsex, and 10.1% in slamsex. Chemsex was significantly associated with increased odds of\n UAI<\/jats:styled-content>\n [adjusted odds ratio (\n AOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) 5.73;\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n <\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 0.001], sd\n UAI<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n AOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.34;\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n <\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 0.05), sd\n UAI<\/jats:styled-content>\n with a detectable viral load (\n AOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3.86;\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n <\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 0.01), hepatitis C (\n AOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 6.58;\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n <\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 0.01), and bacterial\n STI<\/jats:styled-content>\n diagnosis (\n AOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.65;\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n <\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 0.01). Slamsex was associated with increased odds of\n UAI<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n AOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 6.11;\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n <\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 0.05), hepatitis C (\n AOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 9.39;\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n <\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 0.001), and bacterial\n STI<\/jats:styled-content>\n diagnosis (\n AOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 6.11;\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n <\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 0.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Three in ten sexually active\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010positive\n MSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n engaged in chemsex in the past year, which was positively associated with self\u2010reported depression\/anxiety, smoking, nonsexual drug use, risky sexual behaviours,\n STI<\/jats:styled-content>\n s, and hepatitis C. Chemsex may therefore play a role in the ongoing\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n STI<\/jats:styled-content>\n epidemics in the\n UK<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,24]],"date-time":"2018-01-24T23:52:38Z","timestamp":1516837958000},"page":"261-270","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":214,"title":["Sexualized drug use (\u2018chemsex\u2019) and high\u2010risk sexual behaviours in\n HIV<\/scp>\n \u2010positive men who have sex with men"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"EL","family":"Pufall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology Imperial College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Kall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV and STI Surveillance Department Public Health England London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Shahmanesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Population Health University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Nardone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV and STI Surveillance Department Public Health England London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Gilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Population Health University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Delpech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV and STI Surveillance Department Public Health England London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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