{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T05:06:05Z","timestamp":1751259965372},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,25]],"date-time":"2018-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre based at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and Imperial College London"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite adequate suppression of plasma <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV RNA<\/jats:styled-content>, viral escape in cerebrospinal fluid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content>) is widely reported. Rates of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF HIV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> escape vary in the literature. In persons living with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PLWH<\/jats:styled-content>) undergoing lumbar puncture examination for clinical reasons, we assessed rates of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF HIV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> escape.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Persons living with HIV attending a designated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> neurology service undergoing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content> assessment for clinical reasons between January 2015 and April 2017 were included in the study. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF HIV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> escape was defined as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> \u2265\u00a00.5 log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> copies\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content> higher than plasma <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> or detectable <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF HIV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> when plasma <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> was &lt;\u00a020 copies\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>. Clinical factors associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF HIV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> were assessed using logistic regression modelling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 38 individuals, 35 were receiving antiretroviral therapy, 30 were male and their mean age was 51\u00a0years. Clinical reasons for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content> assessment included investigation for cognitive decline (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>25), early syphilis (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>4) and other central nervous system (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNS<\/jats:styled-content>) conditions (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>9). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> was detectable in plasma and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content> in seven and six individuals, respectively, with two individuals (5.3%) meeting the definition of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content> escape. Detectable <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF HIV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> was associated with a detectable plasma <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001) and a history of known antiretroviral drug resistance mutations (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.021).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content> viral escape in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PLWH<\/jats:styled-content> undergoing lumbar puncture examination for clinical reasons is lower than previously reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,25]],"date-time":"2018-01-25T05:36:39Z","timestamp":1516858599000},"page":"365-368","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Cerebrospinal fluid <scp>HIV RNA<\/scp> in persons living with <scp>HIV<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Di Carlofelice","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section\u00a0of Infectious Diseases Imperial College London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Everitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust St Mary's Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Muir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust St Mary's Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Winston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section\u00a0of Infectious Diseases Imperial College London London UK"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust St Mary's Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/650538"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/657342"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2012.04.007"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for HIV CSF Viral Escape: results from the CHARTER and HNRP cohorts","volume":"15","author":"Perez VI","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070201"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in patients with plasma HIV RNA below 20 copies\/mL","volume":"17","author":"Calcagno A","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofv133.1211"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001362"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit175"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.17.4.19587"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu773"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw454"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004144"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP3146"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","unstructured":"EdenA AnderssonL\u2010M FuchsDet\u00a0al.445 Cerebrospinal Fluid Viral Blips and Persistent Escape in HIV\u2010Infected Patients On ART. 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